Viruses may be latent for a long period of time. For example, HIV may be latent for many years, during which new viruses are not made. What are three different mechanisms of viral latency?

Q: How fast can a virus evolve?

A: Viral evolution is a subfield of evolutionary biology and virology that is specifically concerned…

Q: Compared with cells, what is unusual about viral genomes?

A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious particle that replicates only inside the living cells of an…

Q: Viruses are not considered living entities, despite the fact that they evolve, have genetic…

A: Viruses are indeed unique entities that possess some characteristics of living organisms, such as…

Q: Viruses that infect bacterial cells do not infect human cells, and viruses that infect human cells…

A: Virus is a non-living pathogenic agent which depends on its host for survival. It is  composed of…

Q: The 5'-Cap on viral MRNA plays a critical role in: Maturation and stability of the MRNA…

A: The 5'-cap on viral mRNA plays a critical role in : A. Maturation and stability of the mRNA B.…

Q: Which of the following represent why lysogeny is advantageous to a bacteriophage? It allows the…

A: A bacteriophage, also known as phage, is a type of virus that specifically infects and replicates…

Q: What are retrovirus-like elements?

A: Retrovirus-like elements include retroviruses and long terminal repeat (LTR)-containing…

Q: What are the ways by which viruses overcome lack of 5’ cap in their mRNA? (cap snatching, presence…

A: A virus is a submicroscopic agent of infection that is able to replicate only when inside the living…

Q: Why is HIV called a retrovirus?

A: HIV (Human ImmunoDeficiency Virus) causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) in humans. It is…

Q: While studying with a fellow classmate, you ask them for help determining the differences between…

A: Viruses are thought to be a connecting link between living and nonliving.  The reason behind the…

Q: What is a latent animal virus?

A: VIRUS: A microorganism that is smaller than a bacterium that cannot grow or reproduce apart from a…

Q: Which of the following is one way a virus can enter the host cell? Depending on the type of virus,…

A: Viruses are nonliving entities that only become living when they find a suitable living host to…

Q: Syn5 is a virus that infects photosynthetic bacteria belonging to the genus Synechococcus. The Syn5…

A: Syn5 is a double-stranded cyanophage characterized by a short tail. It is isolated from the Sargasso…

Q: virus infects evolve to have the viral receptors

A: virus receptor can be defined as a host cell surface component recognized by the virus as a gateway…

Q: RNA viruses often undergo rapid evolution. What aspects of their biology contribute to their high…

A: Viruses are small, acellular, infectious agents that can infect all kinds of living organisms. Some…

Q: What do you think is the function of viral lysozyme-like enzyme

A: Given: Need to find the fucntion of viral lysosome.

Q: Describe the classes of viruses based on theirgenomic characteristics. For each class, describe how…

A: Virome is a term used to define the total genome of viral population in a given population. Viral…

Q: A viral particle adsorbs onto a host cell membrane. It uncoats and releases its single-stranded…

A: Viruses are differing entities that can be classified based on their nucleic acid type, replication…

Q: Viruses are host-specific, meaning they can only infect specific types of host organisms. For…

A: Viruses are acellular organisms. They become active once they enter inside an organism and can…

Q: The diagrams below represent nucleic acid genomic material and a finished product after the viral…

A: let's break down the reasoning behind identifying the viruses based on the provided diagrams and…

Q: Please describe each step mentioned in the figure below illustrating retroviral transfer of DNA into…

A: A retrovirus inserts a copy of its RNA genome into the DNA genome of a host cell where its genome is…

Q: The relative amounts of each nitrogenous base are tabulated here for four different viruses. For…

A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside host cells. They can infect all types…

Q: Which of the following hypothetical viruses could NOT replicate in a host cell? It assumes that…

A: The correct answer would be option A i.e., the virus has ssDNA genome and replicates in the…

Q: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) set up a study to determine whether large doses of vitamin C…

A: The objective of the question is to identify the experimental group in the given study. In an…

Q: An antimicrobial drug binds to the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme, preventing it from working.…

A: Reverse transcription is a critical step in the life cycle of retroviruses, and it is responsible…

Q: Are viruses generally considered living or nonliving? Explain.

A: Life is defined as the state of organism capable of performing metabolism,growth,reaction to stimuli…

Q: A friend believes that restaurants pose a risk of catching COVID-19 because her friend caught the…

A: COVID-19 is a infectious disease which mainly spreads via the respiratory routes and is caused by…

Q: Match each of the following replication classes of viruses with the one description that best…

A: Viruses are microscopic infectious organisms with their genetic material DNA or RNA present inside…

Q: Describe the process of replication of retroviruses. (You can use HIV as an example). Details are…

A: Retrovirus, any of a collection of viruses that belong to the family Retroviridae and that generally…

Q: Many viruses organize their genomes with the non-structural and structural genes clustered together…

A: A Virus is a small electron microscopic parasite, incapable of reproducing by its own, survives by…

Q: Reverse transcriptase would most likely be found in which of the following types of viruses? an…

A: All organisms have genetic meterial, which is transfer in the next generation. There are mainly two…

Q: Which of the following statements is true regarding the M13 virus coat protein? (Refer to the…

A: First option: This option is incorrect because the beginning of the chain, which has negatively…

Q: explain briefly the steps involved in the viral multiplication cycle. How is each step important?…

A: The virus is an intracellular obligate infective agent that mainly consists of a nucleic acid…

Q: Why can protease inhibitors and nucleoside analogs be used in minimizing the replication of the HIV…

A: Protease is an enzyme in the body that's important for HIV replication

Q: Coronaviruses have a positive-sense single stranded RNA genome. a.) What is the genome replication…

A: The positive sense single stranded RNA virus can replicate only with the help of host cells. In…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.