me router can deliver packets directly an forward packets to routers R2, R3, es the longest prefix match. Describe acket addressed to each of the follow 1.92
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- A router interconnects a subnet, where all the interfaces of the subnets must have the prefix 164.132.62/24. suppose that the Subnet is required to support up to 60 interfaces, provide a network address that satisfies the above.Consider a datagram network using 32-bit host addresses, i.e., IP addresses range from 0 to 255. Suppose a router uses longest prefix matching and has the following forwarding table: For each of the four interfaces, please give the associated range of destination host address and the number of addresses in the range.PERL code
- Assume that there are four routers (R1, R2, R3, and R4) and four hosts (H1, H2, H3, and H4) in a network (N1). H1 sends an email to an instructor H3 at SEU.EDU.SA. (192.168.1.1) and the router path is R1, R3, R2, and R4, but the H3 host find a parameter problem and dropped the packet. Explain how ICMP protocol can be used as a debugging tool and draw a diagram to illustrates the traceroute process for this scenario? PART 2 || Characteristics The Transport-layer Protocol It is a simple connectionless protocol with neither flow nor error control. The size of the send window must be less than 2m; the size of the receive window is always 1. Each time a single packet is lost or corrupted, the sender resends all outstanding packets, even though some of these packets may have been received safe and sound but out of order. Both the sender and the receiver use a sliding window of size 1. The sender sends one packet at a time and waits for an acknowledgment…In a bit-oriented link-layer protocol, the start and end of a frame are each marked by a flag, which is a sequence of exactly 6 consecutive 1 bits. Bit stuffing is used during the rest of the frame: after sending 5 consecutive 1 bits, a 0 is added. The bits below contain an example frame, with the leftmost bit received first. The content of the frame is a sequence of bytes, sent most significant bit first. Put the values of the first four bytes of the frame content, in order, in the four answer boxes below. You may enter the values in either decimal (e.g. 76, 123) or hexadecimal (e.g. 2a, f7). 00101011111010001111110011100111110000111101111101010110100010010011111101101100100 57−240−123−2295.03-5. Dijkstra's Algorithm (3, part 5). Consider the network shown below, and Dijkstra's link-state algorithm. Suppose that Dijkstra's algorithm has been run to compute the least cost paths from node E to all other nodes. Now suppose that source node E has a packet to send to destination node A. What is the first router to which E will forward this packet on its path to A? OF (A) 3 2 4 B 8 D 10 4 E 4 2 F
- Task2: In packet switching technology the packet size is an import parameter when it comes to efficiency and reducing the network latency. Let us assume a network which consists of a sender host and a receiver host at nh hops faraway from each other's (nh-1 routers R). s>R>R> ...>S. If we assume that all links have a bit-rate B bps and originally the message to be send from the sender to the receiver is of size L bits. 1) Give the formula to compute the network latency if we assume circuit switching (switching time per switch is s seconds). 2) Same as in 1) but we assume packet switching with packet size p bits. 3) From 2) drive the best packet size p which give the best performance (minimum network latency). Hint. One way to find out the minimum of a function f is to find its derivative f'(0). 4) Verify your result by providing prove example.Consider a router that interconnects three subnets: Subnet 1, Subnet 2, and Subnet 3. Suppose all of the interfaces in each of these three subnets are required to have the prefix 223.10.128/24. Also suppose that Subnet 1 is required to support at least 50 interfaces, Subnet 2 is to support at least 100 interfaces, and Subnet 3 is to support at least 12 interfaces. Provide three network addresses (of the form a.b.c.d/x) that satisfy these constraints.Assume that Computer A, which is connected through an Ethernet cable to the Switch S1, is just powered on. The user opens a browser and then types a website address to receive the website from the Server (as shown in Figure 1). Write down all the important protocols that come into play by the time the first frame containing HTTP request reaches R1. (Note: Before HTTP frame, other frames have already been sent by other protocol(s).) Write down all the protocols with reference to the TCP Model as follows? Application Layer: Transport Layer: Internet Layer: Link Layer:
- Assume that Computer A, which is connected through an Ethernet cable to the Switch S1, is just powered on. The user opens a browser and then types a website address to receive the website from the Server (as shown in Figure 1). Write down all the important protocols that come into play by the time the first frame containing http request reaches R1. (Note: Before http frame, other frames have already been sent by other protocol(s).) Write down all the protocols with reference to the TCP Model as follows. Application Layer: Transport Layer: Internet Layer: Link Layer: [Physical Layer (if needed)]: After writing down the protocols that come into play, briefly write the procedure as to what happensCan you please explain why these are the answers to this problem. I don’t get how to calculate the number of addresses for the interface please tell me how I do that .22. A datagram subnet allows routers to drop packets whenever they need to. The probability of a router discarding a packet is p. Consider the case of a source host connected to the source router, which is connected to the destination router, and then to the destination host. If either of the routers discards a packet, the source host eventually times out and tries again. If both host-router and router-router lines are counted as hops, what is the mean number of a. (a) hops a packet makes per transmission? b. (b) transmissions a packet makes? (c) hops required per received packet?