A router has the following four active flows, and each flow has packets to transmit. Given FQ is being used on the router, what is the order that the packets will be transmitted? ### Packet Flows OverviewIn the following tables, we present the packet distributions for four different flows. Each table lists the packets within a flow alongside their respective sizes.#### Flow 1| Packet | \( P_i \) ||--------|-----------|| A | 1500 || B | 1500 || C | 1500 |#### Flow 2| Packet | \( P_i \) ||--------|-----------|| D | 40 || E | 40 || F | 40 || G | 1500 || H | 1500 || I | 1500 |#### Flow 3| Packet | \( P_i \) ||--------|-----------|| J | 1500 || K | 1500 |#### Flow 4| Packet | \( P_i \) ||--------|-----------|| L | 40 || M | 1500 |### ExplanationEach flow consists of distinct packets, each labeled alphabetically, and their corresponding sizes in bytes. **Flow 1** contains three packets (A, B, and C), all of which are 1500 bytes in size.**Flow 2** includes six packets (D, E, F, G, H, and I). Packets D, E, and F are exceptionally small at 40 bytes each, whereas packets G, H, and I are standard-sized at 1500 bytes each.**Flow 3** consists of two packets (J and K), both sized at 1500 bytes.**Flow 4** holds two packets (L and M). Packet L is small at 40 bytes, and packet M is standard-sized at 1500 bytes.Understanding the size distribution of packets in different flows is crucial for network analysis and optimization, helping to assess traffic patterns and ensure efficient data handling.

Answered: A router has the following four active…

A router has the following four active flows, and each flow has packets to transmit. Given FQ is being used on the router, what is the order that the packets will be transmitted?

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Consider a simple protocol for transferring files over a link. After some initial negotiation, A sends data packets of size 1 KB to B; B then replies with an acknowledgment. A always waits for each ACK before sending the next data packet; this is known as stop-and-wait. Packets that are overdue are presumed lost and are retransmitted. (a) In the absence of any packet losses or duplications, explain why it is not necessary to include any "sequence number" data in the packet headers. (b) Suppose that the link can lose occasional packets, but that packets that do arrive always arrive in the order sent. Is a 2-bit sequence number (that is, N mod 4) enough for A and B to detect and resend any lost packets? Is a 1-bit sequence number enough? (c) Now suppose that the link can deliver out of order and that sometimes a packet can be delivered as much as 1 minute after subsequent packets. How does this change the sequence number requirements?
14 The following figure shows a TCP transaction. Assume Host A always has data to send, and each packet has size 20 Bytes. Assume Host A has a sending window of 40 Bytes, that is, it can send two "in-flight” packets maximum. Answer the following questions. A. At the time marked "1", i.e., when the first packet times out, will Host A send any packet? if your answer is no, explain why not; if your answer is yes, how many packets will be sent, what are the sequence numbers of them? B. At the time marked "2", i.e., when the ACK of the 2nd packet is received by Host A, will Host A send any packet? if your answer is no, explain why not; if your answer is yes, how many packets will be sent, what are the sequence numbers of them? Host A Host B Seq=80, 20 bytes of data Seq=100, 20 bytes of data Xª 1 2- timeout
Suppose a routing algorithm identifies paths that are “best” in the sense that: (1) minimum number ofhops, (2) minimum delay, or (3) maximum available bandwidth. Identify conditions under which the pathsproduced by the different criteria are the same? are different?
hdet b) Consider sending a packet contains 1100 bits from Host A to Host B in a store and forward nerwork. There are 10 links (and 9 routers) between A and B, and the links are congested (there Is a queuing delays). Assume propagation delay over the links are negligible. As a packet travels along the route, it encounters an average of 5 packets already waiting in the queue to be transmitted when it arrives at each router, How long does it take for the packet to get to the receiver if the nodes transmit on a "first come first served" basis (in ms)?
We observed that (n-1)D is the maximal delay in queuing if the fabric of switching is n times faster than the input line rate. Suppose all packets have the same duration, n packets are sent to n entry ports at the same time, and all n packets are sent to separate exit ports. What is the maximum delay for a memory packet?
In TCP Vegas, the calculation of Actual Rate is done by dividing the amount of data transmitted in one RTT interval by the length of the RTT. (a) Show that for any TCP, if the window size remains constant, then the amount of data transmitted in one RTT interval is constant once a full window-full is sent. Assume that the sender transmits each segment instantly upon receiving an ACK, packets are not lost and are delivered in order, segments are all the same size, and the first link along the path is not the slowest. (b) Give a timeline sketch showing that the amount of data per RIT above can be less than Congestion Window.
A workstation uses the HTTP protocol to download a large file from a web server. No proxy server is used. One router's queue is full when one of the web server's packets arrives.Select the four best statements to describe this situationa. The router stores the packet until such time that it can be sent.b. Further packets sent by the server are transmitted at a higher rate to compensate for the lost packet.c. The router sends an ICMP link congested message to the server.d. The packet must be retransmitted.e. Router configuration and network behavior could be improved by configuring FQ or WFQ.f. Further packets sent by the server are transmitted at a lower rate to reduce the load on the congested link.g. Router configuration and network behavior could be improved by configuring RED or WRED.h. A tail drop will happen.
Consider the network shown in the figure below, and assume that each node initially knows the costs to each of its neighbors. If the distance-vector algorithm is used by all the routers, what would be the distance table entries at node E?
In TCP connection, congestion occurs if the load on the network is greater than the capacity of the network. TCP uses the following algorithm to handle congestion. The algorithm is based on the size of the congestion window (cwnd) which starts with one maximum segment size (MSS). The MSS is determined during connection establishment. At each time the whole window of segments is acknowledged (one transmission), the size of the window grows exponentially. To stop this exponential growth, the sender keeps the track of a threshold. The threshold is set to 16 MSS. After reaching the threshold, the size of the congestion window is increased by 1. After how many transmissions the congestion window size will be 22 MSS?
In TCP Fast Retransmit, if we receive three duplicate ACKS after sending out a packet that is not incrementally ACK-ed but before the time-out associated with that packet, we immediately retransmit the packet without waiting for the timeout to occur. Why do we wait for three duplicates instead of just one?
Consider a long-lived TCP session with an end- to-end bandwidth 500 Mb/s. The session starts with a sequence number of 3465. The minimum time (in seconds) before this sequence number can be used again is
IN PYTHON Given the following six-node wide area network for which the numbers attached to the links are a measure of the “delay” in using that link (e.g., some lines could be more heavily used than others and therefore have a longer wait time), answer the following question. What is the shortest path from node A to node D, where shortest path is defined as the path with the smallest sum of the delays on each individual link? Explain exactly how you went about finding that path.