- Suppose a TCP message that contains 1024 bytes of data and 20 bytes of TCP header is passed to IP for delivery across two networks interconnected by a router (i.e., it travels from the source host to a router to the destination host). The first network has an MTU of 1024 bytes; the second has an MTU of 576 bytes. Each network's MTU gives the size of the largest IP datagram that can be carried in a link-layer frame. Give the sizes and offsets of the sequence of fragments delivered to the network layer at the destination host. Assume all IP headers are 20 bytes.
Q: Consider the figure below in which a TCP sender and receiver communicate over a connection in which…
A: This quеstion еxaminеs a scеnario involving TCP data transmission with sеgmеnt loss. Undеrstanding…
Q: Assume that TCP implements an extension that allows window sizes much larger than 64 KB. Suppose…
A: We begin with a 1 KB window size that doubles with each RTT. Realizing that 1 MB is 1024 times…
Q: Suppose an extension of TCP allows window size much larger than 64 KB. Assume the extended TCP runs…
A: Solution :
Q: P27. Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received from A…
A: Hey, since multiple sub-parts questions posted, we will answer first three question according to our…
Q: es. The delay be re shown. The 1
A:
Q: Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received from A al…
A: a) In the second segment from Host A to B, the sequence number is first segment of sequence number +…
Q: Consider the figure below in which a TCP sender and receiver communicate over a connection in which…
A: This quеstion еxplorеs thе intricaciеs of TCP data transmission in a scеnario with sеgmеnt loss.…
Q: Consider a client connecting to a web server via a router as shown in Fig.Q2. Client A sends a…
A: RTT=30 msTp=302=15 msCalculating the total time to receive the files: =Trasmission time+progration…
Q: We send real-time voice from Host A to Host B over a packet-switched network (VolP). Host A converts…
A: Enable the httpd (Apache) service so that it starts upon reboot: $ sudo systemctl enable…
Q: Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received all bytes up…
A: Given data: Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received…
Q: Suppose a TCP connection is transferring a file of 5550 bytes. The first byte is numbered 10001.…
A: Given, The TCP protocol is used File size = 5550 bytes Sequence number for first byte = 10001…
Q: Consider sending real-time voice from Host A to Host B over a packet-switched network (VolP). Host A…
A: The Answer is
Q: Consider a datagram network using 32-bit host addresses. Suppose a router has four links, numbered 0…
A: Datagram Network:- Datagrams are data packets with sufficient header information to allow for…
Q: segment is defir P segment is p E. Consider a TC
A:
Q: Answer the following questions briefly. How does resource reservation work in the TCP / IP model?…
A: Solution is : 1. RSVP is abbreviation for Resource Reservation Protocol. RSVP Resource Reservation…
Q: A packet switch receives a packet and determines the outbound link to which the packet should be…
A: GIVEN INFORMATION: Packet length(L)= 1,500 bytes. Transmission Rate(R)= 2 Mbps that is 2x106 bps.…
Q: Consider a TCP connection betweek two hosts between A and B. The first data byte sent by A is…
A: Given : First byte received = 1 Last byte received= 500
Q: Suppose you are hired to design a reliable byte-stream protocol that uses a sliding window (like…
A:
Q: 4) Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received from A all…
A: Given Data:- IN Host A and B are communicating over TCP, Host B has already received all bytes from…
Q: TCP congestion control example. Consider the figure below, where a TCP sender sends 8 TCP segments…
A: Given, a figure where 8 TCP segments are sent by TCP sender at time t =1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.…
Q: A TCP connection is using a window size of 8,000 bytes and the previous acknowledgment number was…
A: A diagram to show the situation of the window before and after is given below for the…
Q: TCP session sends 50 packets per second over an Ethernet Local Area Network (LAN). Each packet…
A: TCP session sends 50 packets per second over an Ethernet Local Area Network (LAN). Each packet…
Q: An HTTP client opens a TCP connection using an initial sequence number (ISN) of 14,534 and the…
A: Answer An HTTP client opens a TCP connection using an initial sequence number (ISN) of 14,534 and…
Q: Suppose you are hired to design a reliable byte-stream protocol that uses a sliding window (like…
A: We need to find the number of bits in advertised window and sequence number fields of the protocol…
Q: Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection. Host B has already received from Host A all…
A: A. In the second segment sent from Host A to B, the sequence number is 54 (24 + 30), the source port…
Q: 39. The figure below shows the TCP Congestion Window for various transmission rounds of a…
A: The congestion window size at round 12 is 16. Now time out occurred at round 12. In case of TCP…
Q: TCP session with 00 Mb/s. The sess mber of 3465. The efore this sequenc
A:
Q: A 3200 bit long TCP message is transmitted to the IP layer and becomes a datagram after adding a 160…
A: If the Maximum Transferrable unit(MTU) of a router is less than the size of data then the datagram…
Q: A packet switch receives a packet and determines the outbound link to which the packet should be…
A: Given information: Packet length (L) = 1200 bytes Transmission rate (R) = 2 Mbps that is 2*106 bps.…
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 3 images
- TCP / IP uses the client-server communication model, in which a user or computer (a client) receives a service (such as sending a web page) from another computer (a server) on the network. In short, the TCP / IP protocol suite is classified as stateless, which means that each client request is considered new because it has nothing to do with previous requests. Being stateless, network routes are released so that they can be used continuously. Answer the following questions briefly. How does resource reservation work in the TCP / IP model? Which TCP / IP layer is responsible to reserve resources across a network using the TCP / IP model? What protocol assigns an IP address to the client connected to the Internet? Checksum is used by various protocols on the Internet, but not at the one of TCP / IP Explain.Consider a datagram network using 32-bit host addresses. Suppose a router has four links, numbered 0 through 3, and packets are to be forwarded to the link interfaces as follows: Destination Address Range Link Interface 11100000 00000000 00000000 00000000 through 11100000 00111111 1111111 11111111 11100000 01000000 00000000 00000000 through 11100000 01000000 1111111111111111 11100000 01000001 00000000 00000000 through 11100001 01111111 11111111 11111111 otherwise 0 1 2 3 a. Provide a forwarding table that has five entries, uses longest prefix matching, and forwards packets to the correct link interfaces.Suppose an extension of TCP allows window size much larger than 64 KB. Assume the extended TCP runs over a 100-Mbps link with RTT 100 ms, segment size is 1 KB, and receiving window size is 1 MB. How long does it take to send a 200 KB file?
- We send real-time voice from Host A to Host B over a packet-switched network (VolP). Host A converts analog voice to a disital 64 Kbps bitstream on the fly then groups the bits into 64-byte packets. As soon as Host A gathers a packet, it sends it to Host R (Obviously a data packet must be generated first before any bit inside it can be transmitted). There is one link between Hosts A and B; its transmission rate is 10 Mbps and its propagation delay is 10 msec. As soon as Host B receives an entire packet, it converts the packet's bits to an analog signal How much time (in milliseconds) elapses from the time a bit is created from the original analog signal at Host A) until the bis arrived at Host B and gets decodedas part of the analog signal at Host B)? Hint Calculate the time to generate a packet of 648 time to transmit this packettime to propagate Your aewwer should only contain umbers rounded to the hundredth (For example 123 S) PrviousConsider sending real-time voice from Host A to Host B over a packet-switched network (VolP). Host A converts analog voice to a digital 64 kbps bit stream on the fly. Host A then groups the bits into 56-byte packets. There is one link between Hosts A and B; its transmission rate is 2 Mbps and its propagation delay is 10 msec. As soon as Host A gathers a packet, it sends it to Host B. As soon as Host B receives an entire packet, it coverts the packet's bits to an analog signal. How much time elapses from the time a bit is created (from the original analog signal at Host A) until the bit is decoded (as part of the analog signal at Host B)?Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received from A all bytes up through byte 126. Suppose Host A then sends two segments to Host B back-to-back. The first and second segments contain 80 and 40 bytes of data, respectively. In the first segment, the sequence number is 127, the source port number is 302, and the destination port number is 80. Host B sends an acknowledgment whenever it receives a segment from Host A. a. In the second segment sent from Host A to B, what are the sequence number, source port number, and destination port number? b. If the first segment arrives before the second segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment, what is the acknowledgment number, the source port number, and the destination port number? c. If the second segment arrives before the first segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment, what is the acknowledgment number? d. Suppose the two segments sent by A arrive in order at B. The…
- Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection. Host B has already received from Host A all bytes up through byte 23. Suppose Host A then sends two segments to Host B back-to-back. The first and the second segments contain 30 and 50 bytes of data, respectively. In the first segment, the sequence number is 24, the source port number is 3000, and the destination port number is 80. Host B sends an acknowledgment whenever it receives a segment from Host A. A. In the second segment sent from Host A to B, what arethe sequence number_________,source port number __________,and destination port number__________?B. If the second segment arrives after the first segment, in the acknowledgment of the second segment, what arethe acknowledgment number___________,the source port number__________,and the destination port number __________?C. If the second segment arrives before the first segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment,what is the acknowledgment number ___________?D.…2. In the scenario below, imagine that you're sending an http request to another machine somewhere on the network. Source Message M 1 Segment H M Datagram H M Application Frame H H M 4. Transport Network Link switch Physical Router Five-layer Internet protocol stack Destination 15 14 13 12 M 10 HH M 11 A) What layer in the IP stack best corresponds to the phrase: 'handles the delivery of segments from the application layer, may be reliable or unreliable'? B) What layer in the IP stack best corresponds to the phrase: 'bits live on the wire'? C) What layer in the IP stack best corresponds to the phrase: 'passes frames from one node to another across some medium'? D) What layer corresponds to box 2? E) What layer corresponds to box 10?P27. Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection, and Host B has already received from A all bytes up through byte 126. Suppose Host A then sends two segments to Host B back-to-back. The first and second segments contain 80 and 40 bytes of data, respectively. In the first segment, the sequence number is 127, the source port number is 302, and the destination port number is 80. Host B sends an acknowledgment whenever it receives a segment from Host A. In the second segment sent from Host A to B, what are the sequence number, source port number, and destination port number? If the first segment arrives before the second segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment, what is the acknowledgment number, the source port number, and the destination port number? If the second segment arrives before the first segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment, what is the acknowledgment number? Suppose the two segments sent by A arrive in order at B.…
- TCP congestion control example. Consider the figure below, where a TCP sender sends 8 TCP segments at t = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Suppose the initial value of the sequence number is 0 and every segment sent to the receiver each contains 100 bytes. The delay between the sender and receiver is 5 time units, and so the first segment arrives at the receiver at t = 6. The ACKs sent by the receiver at t = 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 are shown. The TCP segments (if any) sent by the sender at t = 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 are not shown. The segment sent at t=4 is lost, as is the ACK segment sent at t=7. TCP sender t=1 T t=2 t=3 t=4+ t=5- t=6+ t=11 t=12 t=13 t=14 t=15 t=16 t=17 t=18 I data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK Ty A A V V htt TCP receiver t=6 t=7 t=8 t=9 t=10 t=11 t=12 t=13 What does the sender do at t=17? You can assume for this question that no timeouts have occurred.TCP congestion control example. Consider the figure below, where a TCP sender sends 8 TCP segments at t = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Suppose the initial value of the sequence number is 0 and every segment sent to the receiver each contains 100 bytes. The delay between the sender and receiver is 5 time units, and so the first segment arrives at the receiver at t = 6. The ACKS sent by the receiver at t = 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 are shown. The TCP segments (if any) sent by the sender att = 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 are not shown. The segment sent at t=4 is lost, as is the ACK segment sent at t=7. t=1 T data segment t=2+ data segment data segment-- t=3 TCP sender TCP receiver t=4+ t=5+ data segment - data segment t=6+ t36 data segment t=7 data segment t=8 data segment t=9 ACK + t=10 k -- ACK t=11 t=11 t=12 t=12 t=13 t=13 t=14 ACK -ACK ACK t=15 t=16 t=17 ACK t=18 What does the sender do at t=17? You can assume for this question that no timeouts have occurred.A 3200 bit long TCP message is transmitted to the IP layer and becomes a datagram after adding a 160 bit header. The following Internet is connected by two LANs through routers. But the data part of the longest data frame that the second LAN can transmit is only 1200 bits. Therefore, datagrams must be segmented in the router. How many bits of data does the second LAN transmit to its upper layer?