Matrix below indicates PROFIT expected from 4 alternatives under 4 states of nature. Determine which alternative is dominant using With and Without Probability (use a = 0.3 and probability of: 30%, ; 20%; 40% & 10% for S1, S2, S3, and S4 respectively): Alternatives A1 A2 S4 15 20 25 S1 10 S2 S3 18 25 20 12 15 A3 15 18 19 A4 13 16 30 18

Matrix below indicates PROFIT expected from 4 alternatives under 4 states of nature. Determine which alternative is dominant using With and Without Probability (use a = 0.3 and probability of: 30%, ; 20%; 40% & 10% for S1, S2, S3, and S4 respectively): Alternatives A1 A2 S4 15 20 25 S1 10 S2 S3 18 25 20 12 15 A3 15 18 19 A4 13 16 30 18

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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If the farmer uses pesticides he expects a crop of 60,000 bushels; if he does not use pesticides he expects a crop of 50,000 bushels. The cost of pesticides is $30,000 and the other costs associated with planting and harvesting the crop total $450,000. The price of corn at harvest time will either be $9.00 with probability of 0.50 or it will be $11.00 with probability 0.50, so if the farmer decides to sell the crop at harvest, the expected price per bushel that he will receive is $10.00. If the farmer decides to sell the crop at harvest, then: a. He should not use pesticides because not using pesticides ensures greater expected profit. b. He should not use pesticides because not using pesticides ensures lower expected profit. c. He should use pesticides because using pesticides ensures greater expected profit. d. He should use pesticides because using pesticides ensures lower expected profit.
Your company must decide whether to introduce a new product. The sales of the product will be either at a high (success) or low (failure) level. The conditional value for this decision is as follows Decision High Low Introduce $4,000,000 -$2,000,000 Do Not Introduce 0 0 Probability 0.3 0.7 You have the option to conduct a market survey to sharpen you market demand estimate. The survey costs $200,000. The survey provides incomplete information about the sales, with three possible outcomes: (1) predicts high sales, (2) predicts low sales, or (3) inconclusive. Such surveys have in the past provided these results Result High Low Predicts High 0.4 0.1 Inconclusive 0.4 0.5 Predicts Low 0.2 0.4 a) Using expected monetary value, what is your decision? b) What is the expected value of perfect information before taking the survey? c) Draw the complete decision tree, including the survey option. d) What is the…
If the farmer uses pesticides he expects a crop of 60,000 bushels; if he does not use pesticides he expects a crop of 55,000 bushels. The cost of pesticides is $20,000 and the other costs associated with planting and harvesting the crop total $450,000. The price of corn at harvest time will either be $10.00 with probability of 0.50 or it will be $12.00 with probability 0.50, so if the farmer decides to sell the crop at harvest, the expected price per bushel that he will receive is $11.00. If the farmer does not use pesticides and decides to sell the crop at harvest, what is his expected revenue? a. $550,000.00 b. $660,000.00 c. $600,000.00 d. $605,000.00
The management of Brinkley Corporation is interested in using simulation to estimate the profit per unit for a new product. The selling price for the product will be $45 per unit. Probability distributions for the purchase cost, the labor cost, and the transportation cost are estimated as follows: Procurement Cost($) 10 $ 11 12 Probability 0.25 0.45 0.30 Labor Cost ($) 20 22 24 25 Probability 0.10 0.25 0.35 0.30 Transportation Cost ($) 3 5 (a) Compute profit per unit for the base-case, worst-case, and best-case scenarios. Base Case using most likely costs Profit = $ /unit Worst Case Profit = $ /unit Best Case Profit = $ /unit Probability 0.75 0.25 (b) Construct a simulation model to estimate the mean profit per unit. (Use at least 1,000 trials.) (c) Why is the simulation approach to risk analysis preferable to generating a variety of what-if scenarios? Simulation will provide ---Select--- of the profit per unit values which can then be used to find ---Select--- ◆ of an unacceptably low…
EXAMPLE 18.3 Micro Pizza Heater: Market Demand A factory renovation is needed to build a compact microwave with a new shape, which will be called the Micro Pizza Heater. The low sales-volume prediction (20,000 heaters per year) has a subjectively estimated probability of 30%. The most likely market prediction is 30,000 units sold per year. The optimistic market prediction (30,000 sold the ﬁrst year, with annual increases of 5000) has a subjectively estimated probability of 10%. In all cases, the factory equipment and the market will last 5 years. The net revenue will be $10 per microwave. What is the probability distribution for the net revenue?
6) For the payoff table below, the decision maker will use P(s1) = .15, P(s2) = .5, and P(s3) = .35. s1 s2 s3 d1 -5000 1000 10,000 d2 -15,000 -2000 40,000 (a) What alternative would be chosen according to expected value? (b) For a lottery having a payoff of 40,000 with probability p and -15,000 with probability (1-p), the decision maker expressed the following indifference probabilities. Payoff Probability 10,000 .85 1000 .60 -2000 .53 -5000 .50 Let U(40,000) = 10 and U(-15,000) = 0 and find the utility value for each payoff. (c) What alternative would be chosen according to expected utility?
You are at a casino and there are three slot machines you can use to bet on. You must have a return of .5% of higher on what you are betting. Below is the expected returns for each slot machine under various scenarios. What combination of machines do you play to maximize your average return? Decision Variables Data Slot 1 100.0% Monday Tuesday Wednesda Average Slot 2 0.0% Slot #1 8% 4% 5% 5.667% Slot 3 0.0% Slot #2 2% -3% 3% 0.667% Slot #3 6% -2% 4% 2.667% Objective 5.7% Constraints 0.08 >= 0.5% 0.04 >= 0.5% 0.05 >= 0.5% 100.0% .: 100%
The following table shows cost payoffs for four decision variables and four states of nature. S₁ S2 di 20 20 S S3 54 8 19 4 d2 12 12 40 d3 10 10 16 16 16 d4 30 30 25 20 20 9 110 14 14 Suppose the decision maker assigns the probability for S₁ = 0.10; S2 = 0.40; S3 = 0.20; and S4 = 0.30, what is the expected value of best decision? 21.2 21.8 20 19.2
. If you examine the decision tree in Figure 9.12 (orany other decision trees from PrecisionTree), you willsee two numbers (in blue font) to the right of each endnode. The bottom number is the combined monetaryvalue from following the corresponding path throughthe tree. The top number is the probability that thispath will be followed, given that the best strategy isused. With this in mind, explain (1) how the positiveprobabilities following the end nodes are calculated,(2) why some of the probabilities following the endnodes are 0, and (3) why the sum of the probabilitiesfollowing the end nodes is necessarily 1.
The Gorman Manufacturing Company must decide whether to manufacture a component part at its Milan, Michigan, plant or purchase the component part from a supplier. The resulting profit is dependent upon the demand for the product. The following payoff table shows the projected profit (in thousands of dollars): state of nature low demand medium demnad high demand Decision alternative s1 s2 s3 manufacture d1 -20 40 100 purchase d2 10 45 70 The state-of-nature probabilities are P(s1) = 0.35, P(s2) = 0.35, and P(s3) = 0.30. a. Use expected value to recommend a decision. b. Use EVPI to determine whether Gorman should attempt to obtain a better estimate of demand.
‘Lottery A’ refers to a lottery ticket that pays $2,000 with a probability of 0.3, $8,000 with a probability of 0.4, $12,000 with a probability of 0.2, and $18,000 with a probability of 0.1.What is the expected value of Lottery A?A) $7200B) $8000C) $9000D) $7900E) None of the above