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Matching Match each lettered term with the most closely related description. a. kidneys b. potassium c. fluid compartments d. fluid balance Monitor blood osmotic concentration 2 Water gain = water loss 3 Major components of ECF 4 Dominant cation in ECF e. hypertonic blood plasma f. dehydration g. aldosterone Hormone that restricts water loss and stimulates thirs 6. Caused by overhydration Dominant cation in ICF h. plasma, interstitial fluid ICF and ECF 9 Most important sites of sodium ion regulation i. osmoreceptors j. fluid shift 10 Water movement between ECF and ICF 11 Water moves from cells into ECF k. hypokalemia I. ADH 12 Result of aldosteronism 13 Water losses greater than water gains m. hyponatremia 14 Regulates sodium ion absorption along distal convoluted tubule and collecting system n. sodium

Matching Match each lettered term with the most closely related description. a. kidneys b. potassium c. fluid compartments d. fluid balance Monitor blood osmotic concentration 2 Water gain = water loss 3 Major components of ECF 4 Dominant cation in ECF e. hypertonic blood plasma f. dehydration g. aldosterone Hormone that restricts water loss and stimulates thirs 6. Caused by overhydration Dominant cation in ICF h. plasma, interstitial fluid ICF and ECF 9 Most important sites of sodium ion regulation i. osmoreceptors j. fluid shift 10 Water movement between ECF and ICF 11 Water moves from cells into ECF k. hypokalemia I. ADH 12 Result of aldosteronism 13 Water losses greater than water gains m. hyponatremia 14 Regulates sodium ion absorption along distal convoluted tubule and collecting system n. sodium

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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CHAPTER 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance SECTION 1 Review Matching Match each lettered term with the most closely related description. a. kidneys 1 Monitor blood osmotic concentration 1 b. potassium Water gain = water loss 2 c. fluid compartments 3 Major components of ECF 4 Dominant cation in ECF 5 Hormone that restricts water loss and stimulates thirst 3 4 d. fluid balance e. hypertonic blood plasma f. dehydration 5 6 Caused by overhydration 7 Dominant cation in ICF 8 ICF and ECF 9 Most important sites of sodium ion regulation 6 7 8 g. aldosterone h. plasma, interstitial fluid i. osmoreceptors 9 j. fluid shift 10 Water movement between ECF and ICF 10 11 Water moves from cells into ECF 11 k. hypokalemia I. ADH 12 Result of aldosteronism 12 m. hyponatremia 13 Water losses greater than water gains 13 14 Regulates sodium ion absorption along distal convoluted tubule and collecting system 14 n. sodium Multiple choice Select the correct answer from the list provided. nolfe 15 Nearly two-thirds of the total body water content is O a) extracellular fluid (ECF). O b) intracellular fluid (ICF). O c) tissue fluid, O d) interstitial fluid. 18 When pure water is consumed, the ECF O a) becomes hypotonic with respect to the ICF. O b) becomes hypertonic with respect to the ICF. c) becomes isotonic with respect to the ICF. O d) electrolytes become more concentrated. uro 16 Electrolyte balance involves balancing the rates of absorption 19 Physiological adjustments affecting fluid and electrolyte balance across the digestive tract with rates of loss at the a) heart and lungs. O b) stomach and liver. O c) kidneys and sweat glands. O d) pancreas and gallbladder. are mediated primarily by O a) antidiuretic hormone. O b) aldosterone, O c) natriuretic peptides. O d) all of the above. vd bs 17 If the ECF is hypertonic with respect to the ICF, water will move O a) from the ECF into cells until osmotic equilibrium is restored. O b) from cells into the ECF until osmotic equilibrium is 20 When water is lost but electrolytes are retained, the osmolarity of the ECF rises, and osmosis then moves water O a) out of the ECF and into the ICF. O b) back and forth between the ICF and ECF. O c) out of the ICF and into the ECF. restored. c) in both directions until osmotic equilibrium is restored. d) in response to the sodium-potassium exchange pump. O d) none of the above. Section integration Malia, a nursing student, has been caring for burn patients. She notices that they consistently show elevated levels of potassium in their urine and wonders why. What would you tell her? bas e olni gnilisi tA abje vood aird isrt bb 21 131
Transcribed Image Text:CHAPTER 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance SECTION 1 Review Matching Match each lettered term with the most closely related description. a. kidneys 1 Monitor blood osmotic concentration 1 b. potassium Water gain = water loss 2 c. fluid compartments 3 Major components of ECF 4 Dominant cation in ECF 5 Hormone that restricts water loss and stimulates thirst 3 4 d. fluid balance e. hypertonic blood plasma f. dehydration 5 6 Caused by overhydration 7 Dominant cation in ICF 8 ICF and ECF 9 Most important sites of sodium ion regulation 6 7 8 g. aldosterone h. plasma, interstitial fluid i. osmoreceptors 9 j. fluid shift 10 Water movement between ECF and ICF 10 11 Water moves from cells into ECF 11 k. hypokalemia I. ADH 12 Result of aldosteronism 12 m. hyponatremia 13 Water losses greater than water gains 13 14 Regulates sodium ion absorption along distal convoluted tubule and collecting system 14 n. sodium Multiple choice Select the correct answer from the list provided. nolfe 15 Nearly two-thirds of the total body water content is O a) extracellular fluid (ECF). O b) intracellular fluid (ICF). O c) tissue fluid, O d) interstitial fluid. 18 When pure water is consumed, the ECF O a) becomes hypotonic with respect to the ICF. O b) becomes hypertonic with respect to the ICF. c) becomes isotonic with respect to the ICF. O d) electrolytes become more concentrated. uro 16 Electrolyte balance involves balancing the rates of absorption 19 Physiological adjustments affecting fluid and electrolyte balance across the digestive tract with rates of loss at the a) heart and lungs. O b) stomach and liver. O c) kidneys and sweat glands. O d) pancreas and gallbladder. are mediated primarily by O a) antidiuretic hormone. O b) aldosterone, O c) natriuretic peptides. O d) all of the above. vd bs 17 If the ECF is hypertonic with respect to the ICF, water will move O a) from the ECF into cells until osmotic equilibrium is restored. O b) from cells into the ECF until osmotic equilibrium is 20 When water is lost but electrolytes are retained, the osmolarity of the ECF rises, and osmosis then moves water O a) out of the ECF and into the ICF. O b) back and forth between the ICF and ECF. O c) out of the ICF and into the ECF. restored. c) in both directions until osmotic equilibrium is restored. d) in response to the sodium-potassium exchange pump. O d) none of the above. Section integration Malia, a nursing student, has been caring for burn patients. She notices that they consistently show elevated levels of potassium in their urine and wonders why. What would you tell her? bas e olni gnilisi tA abje vood aird isrt bb 21 131
CHAPTER 25 SECTION 2 Review Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Labeling Use the following terms to label the boxes in the two flowcharts. Terms may be used more than once. ohoold M • arterial and CSF chemoreceptors • blood pH decrease • blood pH increase • increasing Pco, • decreasing Pco2 enoo tlm o • increased Respiratory acidosis Responses to Acidosis • decreased Receptors Respiratory rate •H* Pco2 3 • HCO, stimulated Kidneys H+ 8. secrete HCO; 5 9 generate 6 Increased Pco2 results in Homeostasis Homeostasis Buffer systems other than the carbonic acid-bicarbonate system accept H+ DISTURBED BY 2 RESTORED BY 1 blood pH RESTORED returning to normal STIMULUS caused by hypoventilation HOMEOSTASIS NORMAL ACID-BASE BALANCE Homeostasis Homeostasis DISTURBED BY RESTORED BY STIMULUS RESTORED 10 blood pH returning to normal Responses to Alkalosis caused by hyperventilation Decreased Pco, results in an Kidneys generate 13 disp bos sem 11 secrete 14 Voslomao er be ECE H+ o (s te o Receptors Buffer systems other than the carbonic acid-bicarbonate system release H+ 18 12 17 HCO3 teon d ni inhibited Respiratory rate Pco2 16 15 Respiratory alkalosis Chapter integration After falling into a deep lake and nearly drowning, a young boy is rescued. His rescuers assess his condition and find that his body fluids have high Pco, and lactate levels and low Po, levels. Identify the underlying problem, and recommend the necessary treatment to restore homeostatic conditions. 19 132
Transcribed Image Text:CHAPTER 25 SECTION 2 Review Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Labeling Use the following terms to label the boxes in the two flowcharts. Terms may be used more than once. ohoold M • arterial and CSF chemoreceptors • blood pH decrease • blood pH increase • increasing Pco, • decreasing Pco2 enoo tlm o • increased Respiratory acidosis Responses to Acidosis • decreased Receptors Respiratory rate •H* Pco2 3 • HCO, stimulated Kidneys H+ 8. secrete HCO; 5 9 generate 6 Increased Pco2 results in Homeostasis Homeostasis Buffer systems other than the carbonic acid-bicarbonate system accept H+ DISTURBED BY 2 RESTORED BY 1 blood pH RESTORED returning to normal STIMULUS caused by hypoventilation HOMEOSTASIS NORMAL ACID-BASE BALANCE Homeostasis Homeostasis DISTURBED BY RESTORED BY STIMULUS RESTORED 10 blood pH returning to normal Responses to Alkalosis caused by hyperventilation Decreased Pco, results in an Kidneys generate 13 disp bos sem 11 secrete 14 Voslomao er be ECE H+ o (s te o Receptors Buffer systems other than the carbonic acid-bicarbonate system release H+ 18 12 17 HCO3 teon d ni inhibited Respiratory rate Pco2 16 15 Respiratory alkalosis Chapter integration After falling into a deep lake and nearly drowning, a young boy is rescued. His rescuers assess his condition and find that his body fluids have high Pco, and lactate levels and low Po, levels. Identify the underlying problem, and recommend the necessary treatment to restore homeostatic conditions. 19 132
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