# Instruction on Using Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis## Guidelines for Answering Questions1. **READ THE DIRECTIONS TO EACH QUESTION CAREFULLY**: Failing to follow directions may result in incorrect answers!2. **FORMAT YOUR ANSWERS AS DIRECTED**: Incorrect formatting will be marked as wrong!## Spectroscopy Reference TablesBelow are the IR regions and NMR chemical shifts tables that will assist you in solving spectroscopy problems:### 1H NMR (Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Chemical ShiftsThe horizontal axis of the NMR spectrum is measured in parts per million (ppm). Different functional groups give rise to signals in specific regions:- **12-10 ppm**: Carboxylic acids (R-COOH)- **10-9 ppm**: Aldehydes (R-CHO)- **8-6 ppm**: Aromatics like benzene rings (C₆H₅-H)- **6-4.5 ppm**: Vinylic protons (H-C=CH)- **5.5-4 ppm**: Hydroxy (OH) and Amino (NH) groups- **4.5-3 ppm**: Electronegative atoms attached (H-C-X where X = F, Cl, Br)- **4-2.5 ppm**: Alkoxy protons (H-C-O)- **3-2 ppm**: Alkynes (H-C≡C)- **3-2.5 ppm**: Aliphatic amines (H-C-N)- **2.5-1 ppm**: Methyl and methylene groups attached to heteroatoms or carbonyls (H-C-CH₃, H₂-C=O)- **1-0.5 ppm**: Simple aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g., CH₃, CH₂)### IR (Infrared) Spectroscopy Absorption RegionsThe horizontal axis of the IR spectrum is measured in wavenumbers (cm⁻¹). Key absorptions for various functional groups:- **4000-3200 cm^-1**: - Free O-H stretch: **3700 cm^-1** - N-H stretch: **3500-3300 cm^-1** - ≡C-H stretch: **3400–3200 cm^-1**- **3000-2850 cm^-1**: ---### Matching Structures to ¹H-NMR Spectra#### IntroductionMatch a structure with the correct ¹H-NMR spectrum. Notice that there are more structures than spectra, so some structures are not represented. Also, notice that you are not given integration information...that is not a mistake! Simply fill in the blank with the product number (i.e., 1, 2, 3, etc.).#### Structures:1. **Product 1** - ![Product 1](https://www.example.com/product1.png)2. **Product 2** - ![Product 2](https://www.example.com/product2.png)3. **Product 3** - ![Product 3](https://www.example.com/product3.png)4. **Product 4** - ![Product 4](https://www.example.com/product4.png)5. **Product 5** - ![Product 5](https://www.example.com/product5.png)6. **Product 6** - ![Product 6](https://www.example.com/product6.png)#### NMR Spectra:##### Spectrum a:![Spectrum a](https://www.example.com/spectrum_a.png)- **PPM Ranges:** - Peaks at approximately 1.2, 2.2, and 3.8 ppm.**Part a Answer:** _______##### Spectrum b:![Spectrum b](https://www.example.com/spectrum_b.png)- **PPM Ranges:** - Peaks at approximately 1.1, 1.3, 2.0, and 2.8 ppm.**Part b Answer:** _______##### Spectrum c:![Spectrum c](https://www.example.com/spectrum_c.png)- **PPM Ranges:** - Peaks at approximately 0.9, and 1.2 ppm.**Part c Answer:** _______---Fill in the appropriate product number for each given spectrum based on the ¹H-NMR data provided. This exercise will help you understand the identification of organic compounds using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.---

Answered: Image /qna-images/answer/ea171e38-1107-4a09-8828-67e3f31d9f65.jpg

Match a structure with the correct ¹H-NMR. You will, of course, notice that there are more structures than spectra, so some structures are not represented. Also, notice that you are not given integration information... that is not a mistake! Simply fill in the blank with the product number (i.e. 1, 2, 3, etc.). Product 1 Product 4 OH Product 2 xi Product 3 مینه لا Product 5 Product 6

Match a structure with the correct ¹H-NMR. You will, of course, notice that there are more structures than spectra, so some structures are not represented. Also, notice that you are not given integration information... that is not a mistake! Simply fill in the blank with the product number (i.e. 1, 2, 3, etc.). Product 1 Product 4 OH Product 2 xi Product 3 مینه لا Product 5 Product 6

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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