Nucleotides
It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.
Introduction
Macromolecules are the larger molecules that are usually made from the simpler or smaller molecules.
Biological macromolecules are the larger substances that are usually used in the biological functions.
There are basically 4 types of biological macromolecules.
1. Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the macromolecules which are made from simpler units called monosaccharides or chain of monosaccharides called polysaccharides.
These help in providing instant energy to the body.
Eg- glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose etc.
2. Proteins
Proteins are the chain of polypeptide that are made from simple amino acids.
These provide a proper cell structure and also helps in signalling.
Eg - keratin
3. Lipids
Lipids are the chain of fatty acids and glycerol which helps in providing energy for the longer time.
Eg- wax and steroid.
4. Nucleic acid
These are the chain of nucleotides. These are made of sugar and phosphate background with nitrogenous bases.
This helps in genetic inheritance.
Eg - DNA and RNA.
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