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- Lactase Catalyzes the Hydrolysis of Lactose

- Lactase Catalyzes the Hydrolysis of Lactose

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
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Part II - Lactase Catalyzes the Hydrolysis of Lactose II.i-Enzymes and Sugars The group of college students is on their way to the ice-cream shop and Sanjeet has offered Xiao-Ma Lactaid so that she could go with the group and also eat ice cream despite her lactose intolerance. Xiao-Ma: I've never taken Lactaid. What is it? Sanjeet: Chris: Sanjeet: My mom told me that you become intolerant to dairy because you don't have the enzyme that can digest lactose, which is the sugar found in milk products. Lactaid is a dietary supplement that contains the lactase enzyme. Uh, Sanjeet, remember-I'm a literature major. What's an enzyme? I don't remember what that word really means. Also, is the sugar in the milk different from the other sugar in my food? Finally my biochem class comes in handy in real life! An enzyme is a protein which catalyzes a reaction in the cell. There are tons of different enzymes in your body. The lactase enzyme catalyzes the degrada- tion of lactose into its subunits. Lactose is a sugar and there are several other sugars; the one that you probably know is sucrose. Sucrose consists of two parts: glucose and fructose. Lactose is a different kind of sugar and consists of glucose and galactose. You need to digest lactose into the two components because the cells in your intestine can only take up galactose and glucose but not lactose. If lactose stays in the intestine and is not digested into its com- ponents, it will be consumed by gut bacteria which produce various gases in the large intestine-that's what leads to the symptoms Xiao-Ma and I experience when we consume dairy. Here's a picture from my biochem book showing how the lactase enzyme breaks down the milk sugar lactose into its components glucose and galactose: Lactose OH CH₂OH OH OH O CH2OH OH O. OH OH Lactase (enzyme) Glucose Galactose OH CH₂OH OH HO -O OH OH CH₂OH OH -O. OH OH Figure 2. Action of lactase. It also says in here that you can test if you are intolerant to dairy (so lactose intolerant) by measuring the level of glucose in your blood after drinking milk.
Transcribed Image Text:Part II - Lactase Catalyzes the Hydrolysis of Lactose II.i-Enzymes and Sugars The group of college students is on their way to the ice-cream shop and Sanjeet has offered Xiao-Ma Lactaid so that she could go with the group and also eat ice cream despite her lactose intolerance. Xiao-Ma: I've never taken Lactaid. What is it? Sanjeet: Chris: Sanjeet: My mom told me that you become intolerant to dairy because you don't have the enzyme that can digest lactose, which is the sugar found in milk products. Lactaid is a dietary supplement that contains the lactase enzyme. Uh, Sanjeet, remember-I'm a literature major. What's an enzyme? I don't remember what that word really means. Also, is the sugar in the milk different from the other sugar in my food? Finally my biochem class comes in handy in real life! An enzyme is a protein which catalyzes a reaction in the cell. There are tons of different enzymes in your body. The lactase enzyme catalyzes the degrada- tion of lactose into its subunits. Lactose is a sugar and there are several other sugars; the one that you probably know is sucrose. Sucrose consists of two parts: glucose and fructose. Lactose is a different kind of sugar and consists of glucose and galactose. You need to digest lactose into the two components because the cells in your intestine can only take up galactose and glucose but not lactose. If lactose stays in the intestine and is not digested into its com- ponents, it will be consumed by gut bacteria which produce various gases in the large intestine-that's what leads to the symptoms Xiao-Ma and I experience when we consume dairy. Here's a picture from my biochem book showing how the lactase enzyme breaks down the milk sugar lactose into its components glucose and galactose: Lactose OH CH₂OH OH OH O CH2OH OH O. OH OH Lactase (enzyme) Glucose Galactose OH CH₂OH OH HO -O OH OH CH₂OH OH -O. OH OH Figure 2. Action of lactase. It also says in here that you can test if you are intolerant to dairy (so lactose intolerant) by measuring the level of glucose in your blood after drinking milk.
5. Would you expect higher or lower glucose levels for dairy tolerant individuals after consuming milk? Why? Draw your predictions for a lactose tolerant and lactose intolerant person into the graph below and explain why. Glucose (mg/dL) 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 0 Blood Glucose after Drinking Milk 20 40 60 time (minutes) 80 100 120
Transcribed Image Text:5. Would you expect higher or lower glucose levels for dairy tolerant individuals after consuming milk? Why? Draw your predictions for a lactose tolerant and lactose intolerant person into the graph below and explain why. Glucose (mg/dL) 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 0 Blood Glucose after Drinking Milk 20 40 60 time (minutes) 80 100 120
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