Kinase and coagulase are important for bacterial infections because they enable bacteria to move deeper into tissue by means of a blood clot. What type of virulence factors are these two enzymes? O Incomplete phagocytes Extracellular enzymes Antiphagocytic factors O Endotoxins

Q: All of the following are mechanisms used by pathogens to penetrate host defenses EXCEPT:   1.…

A: Correct answer is.. None of the other four answers (all are examples of how pathogens penetrate host…

Q: Encapsulated organisms can be phagocytized once antibodies against the capsule have been produced.…

A: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that have an undefined nucleus and nuclear membrane. Most of the…

Q: Phagocytes are most effective against intracellular viruses. Phagocytes are equally effective…

A: Phagocytosis is a process of killing pathogens by using WBC'S. Some organs have there specific…

Q: Interferons are primarily produced in response to infection with which pathogen type? Group of…

A: Introduction :-   Interferons are synthetic analogues of proteins produced by your body. These…

Q: The influenza virus produces a protein that degrades interferon. How does this increase its…

A: Some viruses like influenza virus escape the anti-viral activities of interferons by gene (and thus…

Q: An infection that starts in one location but is allowed to spread through the body is called a…

A: Infection begins when the pathogens like bacteria or virus enter our body and may causes deleterious…

Q: Some of the following are membrane disrupting toxins. Mark all that apply. O Cytokines ✔ Hemolysins…

A: In biology, a membrane is a thin layer which serves as a live cell's or inner cell compartment's…

Q: Following are events in the phagocytosis of a microbe by a leukocyte. Put them in order and indicate…

A: NOTE: according to the answering guidelines, I am going to answer only first question as they are…

Q: Which of the following statements is false regarding phagocytosis? It can ingest large particles. It…

A: Introduction   Phagocytosis is the mechanism by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a…

Q: damage to cell and tissues penetration Entry evasion of defences release from host

A: Exposure Adhesion  Invasion Infection

Q: Which of the following involves pseudopods?

A: Answer: PSEUDOPODS = These are also called pseudopodium , which are motile , temporary arm like…

Q: Acidic environments slow the growth of or destroy some pathogens. Which locations in the body use…

A: Introduction  Pathogens are microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that can…

Q: Phagocytes are drawn to the area of cell damage by histamine by a process called

A: Phagocytes are categorised as white blood cells. They are responsible for engulfing cellular debris,…

Q: Which of these innate defenses would be most inhibited by antibiotic use? Group of answer choices…

A: Innate immunity is the one that is present since birth. It helps in protection against all antigens.

Q: A strain of Shigella has a mutation causing it to lose the ability to produce fimbriae and become…

A: Shigella is a type of bacteria that causes shigellosis, a common bacterial infection that affects…

Q: All are deect effects of histamines and leukotrienes on capilaries except Oa chemotavis factor Ob…

A: Hi! Thank you for the question, As per the honor code, we are allowed to answer one question at a…

Q: Why is infectious mononucleosis also called the “kissing disease”?

A: Virus is a microorganism that is neither prokaryotic or eukaryotic. This is because the virus…

Q: Which of the following is NOT true about infectious mononucleosis ("mono")? None of the other four…

A: Infectious mononucleosis is Caused by Epstein-Barr Virus, a type of herpesvirus: The Epstein-Barr…

Q: What would happen if a bacterium could prevent the phagosome from fusing with lysosomes?

A: It happens when a microorganism enters inside a cell.

Q: What term describes microbial molecules of pathogens such as peptidoglycan and LPS that can trigger…

A: Innate immunity is an in- born immunity what Ch gives protection against the invading pathogen or…

Q: Why is it significant that toll-like receptors (TLRs) are found on both the plasma membrane and…

A: Introduction TLRs recognize pathogens and generates an immediate defence response. Induce cytokines…

Q: How does the Capsule produced by S. pneumoniae allow them to have deep lung tissue invasion, also…

A: Streptococcus pneumoniae It is a Gram-positive, spherical bacteria. It is a facultative anaerobic…

Q: Match the molecules below with their functions: Membrane attack complex (MAC) Interferons…

A: Membrane attack complex (MAC) - MAC is a type of structure which is formed on the surface of the…

Q: Which of the following cells is not phagocytic? Monocyte Dendritic cells Macrophage Chondrocyte

A: Phagocytic cells are a type of white blood cell that use phagocytosis to engulf bacteria, foreign…

Q: O Lipase which convey resistance to lipids and staphlokinase which clots the blood. O Lipase which…

A: Virulence factors are the proteins or any other factor which enhances the infectious capacity of…

Q: Macrophages perform the final job of removingtissue debris and other products of infection.Indicate…

A: Macrophages are large specialised cells which are important in immune system. They are formed in…

Q: Neutrophis are not able to present antigens to CD4 T celis even though they are phagorytic bncause…

A: We are supposed to answer one question according to our guidelines. Please repost other questions…

Q: Explain how each of the following avoids being killed by phagocytes: 1. Salmonella typhimurium 2.…

A: Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell that helps the body fight infection. They engulf and…

Q: Which of these innate defenses would be most inhibited by antibiotic use?

A: Innate immunity is non-specific immunity. It is present since birth. Memory is absent in innate…

Q: All of the following are methods intracellular pathogens can use to survive inside a host eell…

A: Pathogens are the organisms which upon entering in to the  host causes infectious diseases.

Q: A patient comes into the hospital complaining of having symptoms that looks like to be a…

A: The immune system plays a critical role in preventing and controlling infections. However, when the…

Q: When antibody marks an invader so the macrophages can find it more easily to efficiently destroy the…

A: The ability of the body to fight against pathogens is called immunity.. T lymphocytes provide…

Q: Patients who have recently had a bone marrow transplant are extremely susceptible to infection. Why…

A: In the spongy or cancellous regions of bones, bone marrow can be found. It is a semi-solid tissue.…

Q: Which of the following phenomena result in the observed reaction many people have to penicillin?…

A: Penicillin is a type of antibiotic that is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. However,…

Q: Place the following in the correct order by which the events would take place. 1. Phagocytosis of a…

A: The order would be: 1-4-5-3-2 So, the answer will be option 3)

Q: What is the effect of pertussis toxin on G proteins?     Inhibits activation of Gαi leading to…

A: The GPCR (G-protein coupled receptor) is one of the very important cell signalling molecule. It is a…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.