J. Sholl et al. published the results of examining the sense of direction of 30 male and 30 female students. After being taken to an unfamiliar wooded park, the students were given some spatial orientation tests, including pointing to south, which tested their absolute frame of reference. The students pointed by moving a pointer attached to a 360◦ protractor. Following are the absolute pointing errors, in degrees, of the participants. Male Female_____ 13, 135, 39, 33, 10 14, 8, 21, 3, 138 13, 67, 18, 3 ,11 122, 77, 69, 111, 3 38, 24, 60, 5, 9 128, 32, 18, 35, 111 59, 6, 86, 22, 70 109, 37, 27, 32, 35 58, 4, 167, 15, 30 12, 28, 8, 3, 80 8, 21, 67, 26, 19 91, 69, 66, 176, 15 At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that, on average, males have a better sense of direction and, in particular, a better frame of reference than females?

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J. Sholl et al. published the results of examining the sense of direction of 30 male and 30 female students. After
being taken to an unfamiliar wooded park, the students were given some spatial orientation tests, including pointing
to south, which tested their absolute frame of reference. The students pointed by moving a pointer attached to a 360◦
protractor. Following are the absolute pointing errors, in degrees, of the participants.

Male Female_____
13, 135, 39, 33, 10 14, 8, 21, 3, 138
13, 67, 18, 3 ,11 122, 77, 69, 111, 3
38, 24, 60, 5, 9 128, 32, 18, 35, 111
59, 6, 86, 22, 70 109, 37, 27, 32, 35
58, 4, 167, 15, 30 12, 28, 8, 3, 80
8, 21, 67, 26, 19 91, 69, 66, 176, 15

At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that, on average, males have a better
sense of direction and, in particular, a better frame of reference than females?

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