Ion channels, such as the K+ channel, can have open and closed forms that respond to membrane potential. In addition, an amino-terminal domain, called the inactivation domain or inactivation gate, can block the channel. This is called the ball and chain model of channel inactivation. Identify the statements that correctly describe the ball and chain model. The inactivation gate can only inactivate a channel that has closed in response to depolarization. A shorter tether or chain peptide strand attached to the inactivation domain would increase the time required to inactivate the K+ channel. A mutation causing the loss of the inactivation gate in K+ channels could result in a membrane that undergoes repolarization more slowly. After depolarization and channel opening, the inactivation gate soon occludes the open channel.

Q: Draw a sketch of a graph showing a complex AHP consisting of a first component AHP, an ADP, and a…

A: AHP is the afterhyperpolarization while ADP is afterdepolarization. In AHP the membrane potential…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding action potentials is false? Na+ channel inactivation is…

A: 1. Na+ channel inactivation is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore.This is true.…

Q: Which of the following is not an excitatory ligand-gated ion channel? NACHR AMPAR ASIC GABA-AR

A: Neurons send electrical signals by generating and transmitting action potentials. Neurons have…

Q: Holding Potential (mV) Measured Current (pA) -100 -1.0 -50 0.0 0 +1.0 +50 +2.0 +100 +3.0

A: The Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation…

Q: In many organisms, the central nervous system relies on specialized cells called neurons to…

A: Membrane transport is a mechanism in which molecules/ substances are transported across the membrane…

Q: (II) OI O II O III (IV) On the figure ABOVE, which panel (I, II, III or IV) represents a ligand…

A: Picture a tiny gatekeeper regulating the passage of charged particles such as calcium, potassium,…

Q: Which statement best describes the interaction that occurs as a result of the bindi ligand to a…

A: Option- B

Q: What happens to the membrane potential inside and outside of the cell when Cl- channels are open?

A: Ion channels are integral proteins that provide for the regulated transport of a specific ion, or…

Q: How does the presence of basic amino acids within the S4 helix allow for voltage gating in these…

A: Introduction Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. They…

Q: channel gating is the process of opening and closing ion channels in a cell membrane  true or…

A: Introduction :- Ion channels are specialized proteins that span the cell membrane and selectively…

Q: The Structure of the acetylcholine receptor is shown below:   D. Briefly indicate what the role of…

A: Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter at various synapses, nerves, and at the motor endplate of…

Q: What structural and functional changes occur in the voltage gated sodium (NaV) channel when it…

A: Action potentials are nerve messages. Neurons produce and convey these signals through their…

Q: Which of the following is the correct statement regarding ion channels?   Physical deformation of…

A: Ion channels, integral membrane proteins, facilitate the passage of ions through pore formations.…

Q: After an action potential has been initiated, there are two processes that prevent the membrane from…

A: The generation of action potential is very much important characteristics in nerve cells that is…

Q: In the introduction section the authors wrote “In general, the polarity-dependent mechanisms are…

A: Anodal stimulation is a type of electrical stimulation that involves passing a positive electric…

Q: 3) You are investigating the ionic selectivity of an ion channel opened by activation of a specific…

A: A.                                   E(K+)= RTnFlnOUTIN=8.314×2981×96485ln5140=-0.089≈-89mV…

Q: What is the polarized membrane state? How is it maintained? (Note the relative roles of both passive…

A: The polarized membrane state is the resting membrane potential in which there is a potential…

Q: Draw details of the repolarization phase of an action potential from the following descriptions of…

A:

Q: explain the difference between a ligand gated and voltage gated ion channel

A: Cell signaling begins with the interception of a signal or stimulus by a receptor molecule. The…

Q: Each of the following is a correct relationship between action potential phase and channel status…

A: BASIC INFORMATION NEURON   It is the longest cell inside the human body  It is found in the brain…

Q: An experimental cell line expresses K+ inward rectifier channels, Na+ leak channels, K+ channels…

A: Because alpha-1 adrenergic receptors are found in both vascular smooth muscle and cardiac tissue,…

Q: Explain the difference between a “leak” channel and a gated channel. Use an example.

A: The plasma membrane is a semi-permeable entity in a cell. It permits the movement of specific ions,…

Q: When a neuron reaches threshold voltage, all voltage-gated channels are triggered to make…

A: Neurons are specialized cells that transmit information in the nervous system. When a neuron…

Q: You attempt to generate an IV plot for GABA channels in cultured neurons. You apply pentobarbital…

A: GABA ( Gamma Amino Butyric Acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter secreted by our neurons to…

Q: The action potential is split into 4 parts (A-D). For each part, 1. Describe what stimulated the…

A: Action potential - It is defined as a sudden temporary shift of rising or falling in membrane…

Q: Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are ion channels found on animal cells. Some TRP…

A: Answer. The TRP channel is a receptor response that normally presents in around 28 types which are…

Q: In the lab where you work, a graduate student has created a K+ leak channel that is mutated in such…

A: Membrane potential is the difference in electrical charge between the inside and the outside of a…

Q: Three currents are produced by a 56 mV depolarization leading to an action potential in a squid axon…

A: It is related to action potential

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.