In S-l-R models, if the reproductive ratio Ro > 1, the infection becomes an epidemic. O population is immune to the infection. population becomes resistant to the infection. O infection fails to take hold in the host population.
Infection: Infection is the process of establishment and growth/ multiplication of the germs/organisms/pathogen inside the host body, for example, bacteria, fungi, viruses, or other parasites.
Any infectious agent or microorganism (Virus, bacterium, protozoa, ETC) that can cause disease is a pathogen. There are many ways by which pathogens can attack a host. Infections spread directly in individuals are dependent on the communication rate among sensitive and contagious people, and thus consequently on the population frequency.
1) Outbreak of infection: We referred to the term outbreak of infection when the number of patients in one area increased unexpectedly. Any outbreak may last a few days to years.
2) Epidemic: Infectious disease is considered an epidemic when it spreads quickly it infect a larger area than an outbreak.
3) Pandemic: If the disease takes more lives than the epidemic and spreads widely to different countries, for example, COVID-19 is a pandemic infection.
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