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3:29 PM Wed Oct 30 Аa 4 There must be a minimum size below which offspring have no chance of survival. As offspring get larger, their probability of surviving rises. If survival probability approaches one, it must do so in a saturating fashion, because survival probability cannot exceed one. A graph depicting this assumption appears in Figure 13.31 b. Again, we have used arbitrary units. The shape of the curve may vary from species to species. Here we have used the equation 1 Survival size Given the two assumptions, the analysis is simple: The expected fitness of a parent producing offspring of a particular size is the number of such offspring the parent can make multiplied by the probability that any individual offspring will survive. A plot of expected parental fitness versus offspring size, which appears in Figure 13.31 c, reveals the size of offspring that gives the highest parental fitness. For example, given the equations and units used here, if a parent makes offspring of size 5, it can make two of them. Each has a probability of survival of 0.8. Thus, the expected fitness gained by the parent from this clutch is 2 x 0.8 = 1.6 The optimal offspring size depends on the shapes of the relationships for offspring number versus size and offspring survival versus size. Often (though not always), the optimal offspring size is intermediate. In our example, parental fitness is 518 Reader Notebook Bookmarks Contents More K !! Ш

3:29 PM Wed Oct 30 Аa 4 There must be a minimum size below which offspring have no chance of survival. As offspring get larger, their probability of surviving rises. If survival probability approaches one, it must do so in a saturating fashion, because survival probability cannot exceed one. A graph depicting this assumption appears in Figure 13.31 b. Again, we have used arbitrary units. The shape of the curve may vary from species to species. Here we have used the equation 1 Survival size Given the two assumptions, the analysis is simple: The expected fitness of a parent producing offspring of a particular size is the number of such offspring the parent can make multiplied by the probability that any individual offspring will survive. A plot of expected parental fitness versus offspring size, which appears in Figure 13.31 c, reveals the size of offspring that gives the highest parental fitness. For example, given the equations and units used here, if a parent makes offspring of size 5, it can make two of them. Each has a probability of survival of 0.8. Thus, the expected fitness gained by the parent from this clutch is 2 x 0.8 = 1.6 The optimal offspring size depends on the shapes of the relationships for offspring number versus size and offspring survival versus size. Often (though not always), the optimal offspring size is intermediate. In our example, parental fitness is 518 Reader Notebook Bookmarks Contents More K !! Ш

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Chapter21: Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 8TYK: If the genotype frequencies in a population are 0.60 AA, 0.20 Aa, and 0.20 aa, and if the...
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How Big Should Each Offspring Be?

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3:29 PM Wed Oct 30 Аa 4 There must be a minimum size below which offspring have no chance of survival. As offspring get larger, their probability of surviving rises. If survival probability approaches one, it must do so in a saturating fashion, because survival probability cannot exceed one. A graph depicting this assumption appears in Figure 13.31 b. Again, we have used arbitrary units. The shape of the curve may vary from species to species. Here we have used the equation 1 Survival size Given the two assumptions, the analysis is simple: The expected fitness of a parent producing offspring of a particular size is the number of such offspring the parent can make multiplied by the probability that any individual offspring will survive. A plot of expected parental fitness versus offspring size, which appears in Figure 13.31 c, reveals the size of offspring that gives the highest parental fitness. For example, given the equations and units used here, if a parent makes offspring of size 5, it can make two of them. Each has a probability of survival of 0.8. Thus, the expected fitness gained by the parent from this clutch is 2 x 0.8 = 1.6 The optimal offspring size depends on the shapes of the relationships for offspring number versus size and offspring survival versus size. Often (though not always), the optimal offspring size is intermediate. In our example, parental fitness is 518 Reader Notebook Bookmarks Contents More K !! Ш
Transcribed Image Text:3:29 PM Wed Oct 30 Аa 4 There must be a minimum size below which offspring have no chance of survival. As offspring get larger, their probability of surviving rises. If survival probability approaches one, it must do so in a saturating fashion, because survival probability cannot exceed one. A graph depicting this assumption appears in Figure 13.31 b. Again, we have used arbitrary units. The shape of the curve may vary from species to species. Here we have used the equation 1 Survival size Given the two assumptions, the analysis is simple: The expected fitness of a parent producing offspring of a particular size is the number of such offspring the parent can make multiplied by the probability that any individual offspring will survive. A plot of expected parental fitness versus offspring size, which appears in Figure 13.31 c, reveals the size of offspring that gives the highest parental fitness. For example, given the equations and units used here, if a parent makes offspring of size 5, it can make two of them. Each has a probability of survival of 0.8. Thus, the expected fitness gained by the parent from this clutch is 2 x 0.8 = 1.6 The optimal offspring size depends on the shapes of the relationships for offspring number versus size and offspring survival versus size. Often (though not always), the optimal offspring size is intermediate. In our example, parental fitness is 518 Reader Notebook Bookmarks Contents More K !! Ш
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