Scenario D. Cystic fibrosis is à genetic descent. It is caused by a rare recessive allele at a gene that exhibits complete dominance (N = norm= allele, C = disease allele). You sample 1000 European descendants in a U.S. population and find 772 NN individuals, 221 NC heterozygotes, and 7 CC individuals with cystic fibrosis. %3D

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Substance Abuse

Substance abuse refers to the use of illegal drugs in excessive quantities, as well as the misuse of legal substances such as prescription or over-the-counter pharmaceuticals or alcohol for purposes other than those intended. Drug addiction, also known as substance use disorder, is a disease that affects the brain and behavior of a person. It leads to a failure to control the use of any drug or prescription, legal or illegal.