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In Part 1, draw a mechanism for the reaction of ammonia with butanoic acid. In the box to the left, draw any necessary curved arrows. Show the products of the reaction in the box to the right. Include any nonzero formal charges and all lone pairs of electrons. In Part 2, check the box to indicate which side of the reaction is favored at equilibrium.

In Part 1, draw a mechanism for the reaction of ammonia with butanoic acid. In the box to the left, draw any necessary curved arrows. Show the products of the reaction in the box to the right. Include any nonzero formal charges and all lone pairs of electrons. In Part 2, check the box to indicate which side of the reaction is favored at equilibrium.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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In Part 1, draw a mechanism for the reaction of ammonia with butanoic acid. In the box to the left, draw any necessary curved arrows. Show the products of the reaction in the box to the right. Include any nonzero formal charges and all lone pairs of electrons. In Part 2, check the box to indicate which side of the reaction is favored at equilibrium.

**Instructions: Reaction Between Butanoic Acid and Ammonia** This exercise involves illustrating the chemical reaction between ammonia and butanoic acid using curved arrows to represent the movement of electrons. **Given Structures:** 1. **Butanoic Acid**: - Structural formula: \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH} \) - The diagram shows a carbon chain with a carboxylic acid group (\(-COOH\)) at the terminal end. The carboxylic acid has a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen (\(C=O\)) and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (\(-OH\)). 2. **Ammonia**: - Structural formula: \( \text{NH}_3 \) - The diagram displays a nitrogen atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms. The nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons. **Task:** - **Draw Curved Arrows**: Use curved arrows to demonstrate the electron movements that occur during the reaction between ammonia and butanoic acid. This process typically involves the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen attacking the electrophilic carbon in the carbonyl group (\(C=O\)) of butanoic acid, potentially leading to the formation of an amide link and the release of a water molecule. By accurately displaying the electron movement with curved arrows, you will illustrate the nucleophilic attack and subsequent reaction pathway. This is a fundamental step in understanding nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions. Use the drawing tools appropriately, and remember to consider the molecular structure and the nature of the participating functional groups.
Transcribed Image Text:**Instructions: Reaction Between Butanoic Acid and Ammonia** This exercise involves illustrating the chemical reaction between ammonia and butanoic acid using curved arrows to represent the movement of electrons. **Given Structures:** 1. **Butanoic Acid**: - Structural formula: \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH} \) - The diagram shows a carbon chain with a carboxylic acid group (\(-COOH\)) at the terminal end. The carboxylic acid has a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen (\(C=O\)) and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (\(-OH\)). 2. **Ammonia**: - Structural formula: \( \text{NH}_3 \) - The diagram displays a nitrogen atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms. The nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons. **Task:** - **Draw Curved Arrows**: Use curved arrows to demonstrate the electron movements that occur during the reaction between ammonia and butanoic acid. This process typically involves the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen attacking the electrophilic carbon in the carbonyl group (\(C=O\)) of butanoic acid, potentially leading to the formation of an amide link and the release of a water molecule. By accurately displaying the electron movement with curved arrows, you will illustrate the nucleophilic attack and subsequent reaction pathway. This is a fundamental step in understanding nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions. Use the drawing tools appropriately, and remember to consider the molecular structure and the nature of the participating functional groups.
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