draw the step one product and draw curved arrows to show the nucleophilic addition step.

Chemistry
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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draw the step one product and draw curved arrows to show the nucleophilic addition step. 

The Fischer esterification mechanism is examined in this question. The overall reaction is:

A benzene ring attached to a carbonyl group (C=O) with a hydroxyl group (OH) reacts with methanol (\(CH_3OH\)) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form an ester. The ester has a benzene ring attached to the carbonyl group, bonded to OCH₃ (methoxy group), along with the byproducts HCl and water (\(H_2O\)).

Part 1 involves \(CH_3OH\) addition to form the key tetrahedral intermediate. Part 2 will involve the loss of \(H_2O\) to form the ester.

Follow the directions to show the mechanism of part 1.
Transcribed Image Text:The Fischer esterification mechanism is examined in this question. The overall reaction is: A benzene ring attached to a carbonyl group (C=O) with a hydroxyl group (OH) reacts with methanol (\(CH_3OH\)) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form an ester. The ester has a benzene ring attached to the carbonyl group, bonded to OCH₃ (methoxy group), along with the byproducts HCl and water (\(H_2O\)). Part 1 involves \(CH_3OH\) addition to form the key tetrahedral intermediate. Part 2 will involve the loss of \(H_2O\) to form the ester. Follow the directions to show the mechanism of part 1.
**Step 1: Add two curved arrows to show protonation of the carbonyl.**

In the diagram, a benzene ring is attached to a carbonyl group (C=O). The carbonyl oxygen has two lone pairs of electrons. 

- There is a water molecule, depicted by an oxygen bonded to two hydrogens, with two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen.
- A hydronium ion (H⁺) is shown with a positive charge and its formation is highlighted by curved arrows.
  
The curved arrows in the diagram represent:
1. An arrow from one of the lone pairs on the carbonyl oxygen toward the hydrogen ion (H⁺). This indicates the formation of a new bond between the oxygen and the hydrogen, leading to protonation.
2. An arrow starting from the bond between the hydrogen and original oxygen, indicating bond cleavage as the hydrogen is transferred.

These arrows illustrate the electron movement as the carbonyl group gets protonated, a crucial step in many organic reactions.
Transcribed Image Text:**Step 1: Add two curved arrows to show protonation of the carbonyl.** In the diagram, a benzene ring is attached to a carbonyl group (C=O). The carbonyl oxygen has two lone pairs of electrons. - There is a water molecule, depicted by an oxygen bonded to two hydrogens, with two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen. - A hydronium ion (H⁺) is shown with a positive charge and its formation is highlighted by curved arrows. The curved arrows in the diagram represent: 1. An arrow from one of the lone pairs on the carbonyl oxygen toward the hydrogen ion (H⁺). This indicates the formation of a new bond between the oxygen and the hydrogen, leading to protonation. 2. An arrow starting from the bond between the hydrogen and original oxygen, indicating bond cleavage as the hydrogen is transferred. These arrows illustrate the electron movement as the carbonyl group gets protonated, a crucial step in many organic reactions.
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