In hepatocytes, the enzyme glucokinase catalyzes the ATP-coupled phosphorylation of glucose. Glucokinase binds both ATPand glucose, forming a glucose-ATP-enzyme complex. The enzyme then transfers the phosphoryl group directly from ATPto glucose.Select the advantages of phosphoryl group transfer compared to hydrolysis and subsequent phosphorylation?ATP hydrolysis is thermodynamically unfavorable compared to group transfer.Glucokinase increases the transition state energy, favoring glucose phosphorylation.The process takes advantage of the high phosphoryl group transfer potential of ATP.Reaction intermediates do not need to be present in excess.Incorrect

Glucokinase is the enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose in hepatocytes. Here the…

Answered: In hepatocytes, the enzyme glucokinase…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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A reaction involving the oxidiation of hydrocarbon in a car engine or glucose in glycolysis in an animal is responsible for the energy required for quick movements. What are the differences between these two reactions?
When glucose is used as the starting material for glycolysis there is a net gain of +2 ATP per glucose. When glycogen is used as the starting material for glycolysis there is a net gain of +3 ATP per glucose. Please explain the difference in the net gain of ATP between glucose versus glycogen as the starting material. Enter your answer here
HUW Define metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism. List the ways cells control the flow of molecules through metabolic pathways. Explain the roles of the following molecules in biological energy transfer and storage: ADP, ATP, NADH, FADH2, NADPH. Outline the pathways for aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of glucose and compare the energy yields of the two pathways. Write two equations for aerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule: one using only words and a second using the chemical formula for glucose. Explain how the electron transport system creates the high-energy bond of ATP. Provide a general description of how proteins are made.
Explain from a chemical stand point why ATP has a high phosphoryl-transfer potential. Make sure to compare ATP with its hydrolysis products, ADP and inorganic phosphate.
Much of our understanding of ATP synthase is derived from research on aerobic bacteria. What makes these organisms useful for this research? Where do the reactions of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron-transport chain occur in these organisms?
a) List all possible factors that regulates metabolic reactions (glycolysis) and briefly explain them in full sentence. b) How does cell overcome nonspontaneous reaction 1 and 3 in glycolysis? Support your answer in full sentence.
Many factors influence the regulation of aerobic catabolism in biological cells, culminating in oxidative phosphorylation. Based on your understanding of "metabolic logic", which of the following molecules would encourage or favor catabolism? OA. ATP OB. NADH Oc. acetyl-CoA OD. ADP O E. citrate
Analyze the reaction below and identify the major class of enzyme that catalyzes the the given reaction:
Match the following molecules with their functions. Molecules CAMP Protein kinase A Glycogen phosphorylase Phosphoglucomutase Functions Converts glucose 1-P to glucose 6-P Phosphorylates a substrate using an inorganic phosphate Second messenger that can activate downstream proteins Phosphorylates a protein using ATP
Which of the following accurately describes the enzymatic regulation of glycolysis? Glycolytic enzymes maintain a steady-state [ATP]; ATP activates the pathway, ADP and AMP inhibit it. Glycolytic enzymes maintain a steady-state [ATP]; ADP and AMP activate the pathway, ATP inhibits it. Glycolytic enzymes maintain ATP hydrolysis at equilibrium (AG = 0); ATP activates the pathway, ADP and AMP inhibit it. Glycolytic enzymes maintain ATP hydrolysis at equilibrium (AG = 0); ADP and AMP activate the pathway, ATP inhibits it.
Discuss the following statement: “enzymes and heat are alike in that both can speed up reactions that—although thermodynamically feasible—do not occur at an appreciable rate because they require a high activation energy. diseases that seem to benefit from the careful application of heat—in the form of hot chicken soup, for example—are therefore likely to be due to the insufficient function of an enzyme.”

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