**ATP and Its High Phosphoryl-Transfer Potential**From a chemical standpoint, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is renowned for its high phosphoryl-transfer potential. This potential is a measure of the ability of ATP to transfer a phosphate group to another molecule, a crucial process in energy transactions within cells.The high phosphoryl-transfer potential of ATP can be attributed to several key factors:1. **Structural Instability**: ATP has three phosphate groups linked in a row, which causes significant repulsion due to the negative charges. This instability makes ATP more reactive and likely to release one of its phosphate groups.2. **Resonance Stabilization**: After ATP donates a phosphate group, the resulting products, ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate, benefit from greater resonance stabilization compared to ATP. This stabilization occurs because the electrons in the phosphate group can be more evenly distributed, lowering the energy state.3. **Hydration**: The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate is favored by the subsequent hydration of the products. Water molecules effectively solvate the ions, further stabilizing them and making the hydrolysis reaction more exergonic (energy-releasing).By comparing ATP with its hydrolysis products—ADP and inorganic phosphate—the increased stability and lower energy state of the products underscore why ATP serves as a high-energy currency in biological systems.

Phosphate transfer potential or Phosphorylation potential (∆Gp) is the actual free energy of…

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Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Explain from a chemical stand point why ATP has a high phosphoryl-transfer potential. Make sure to compare ATP with its hydrolysis products, ADP and inorganic phosphate.