In a regression based on 30 annual observations, U.S. farm income was related to four in- dependent variables-grain exports, federal government subsidies, population, and a dummy variable for bad weather years. The model was fitted by least squares, resulting in a Durbin- Watson statistic of 1.29. The regression of e? on ŷ; yielded a coefficient of determination of 0.043. (a) Test for heteroscedasticity. (b) Test for autocorrelated errors.

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**Regression Analysis of U.S. Farm Income**

In an econometric study based on 30 annual observations, researchers examined the relationship between U.S. farm income and four independent variables: grain exports, federal government subsidies, population, and a dummy variable for bad weather years. Using a least squares regression model, the analysis yielded a Durbin-Watson statistic of 1.29, indicating potential issues with autocorrelation in the residuals.

Additionally, the regression of the squared residuals (e²_i) on the predicted values (ŷ_i) from the model produced a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.043, suggesting possible heteroscedasticity.

The researchers conducted further statistical tests as follows:

(a) **Test for Heteroscedasticity**: Evaluate the variability of residuals to ensure they are consistent across all levels of the independent variables.

(b) **Test for Autocorrelated Errors**: Assess whether the residuals from the regression are autocorrelated, which would violate the assumption of independence in ordinary least squares (OLS) regression.

In summary, while the initial regression provides insights into the factors affecting U.S. farm income, the diagnostics indicate that further refinement and testing are needed to ensure the reliability and validity of the results.
Transcribed Image Text:**Regression Analysis of U.S. Farm Income** In an econometric study based on 30 annual observations, researchers examined the relationship between U.S. farm income and four independent variables: grain exports, federal government subsidies, population, and a dummy variable for bad weather years. Using a least squares regression model, the analysis yielded a Durbin-Watson statistic of 1.29, indicating potential issues with autocorrelation in the residuals. Additionally, the regression of the squared residuals (e²_i) on the predicted values (ŷ_i) from the model produced a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.043, suggesting possible heteroscedasticity. The researchers conducted further statistical tests as follows: (a) **Test for Heteroscedasticity**: Evaluate the variability of residuals to ensure they are consistent across all levels of the independent variables. (b) **Test for Autocorrelated Errors**: Assess whether the residuals from the regression are autocorrelated, which would violate the assumption of independence in ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. In summary, while the initial regression provides insights into the factors affecting U.S. farm income, the diagnostics indicate that further refinement and testing are needed to ensure the reliability and validity of the results.
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