In a planned clinical trial, patients will be randomized to receive either medical treatment or surgery. However, it is anticipated that, among those randomized to the medical arm, 10% may require emergency surgery at some time while on study, and 5% of patients randomized to surgery may not actually receive surgery for various reasons. You plan to analyze the data using the intent-to-treat paradigm. Using the approach described in Freidman et al., to account for drop-outs and drop-ins, how much should the planned sample size be increased to account for drop-outs and drop-ins?

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A: Here use binomial theorem  P = 0.09 q = 0.91 n = 5

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A:

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A: sample size(n)=116 x=18 significance level(α)=0.10 sample proportion(p^)=xn=18116≅0.1552

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A: HERE GIVEN CONTIGENCY TABLE BASED ON THIS INFORMATION RETRIVE PROBABILITY