In 2014, eleven Ebola virus infected patients were hospitalized in the United States. Some of these Ebola infected patients were treated with blood serum obtained from patients that had survived the Ebola virus infection . What was the rationale for using this serum? This blood serum contains anti-Ebola virus antibodies produced by the Ebola virus infection survivors. These antibodies may help the patient fight the Ebola infection. The blood serum of an individual that survived the Ebola virus infection contains B cells and T cells, which may help the patient fight the Ebola infection. This serum acts as a vaccine against Ebola because the Ebola virus infection survivors carry attenuated Ebola viruses. This serum is rich in natural killer cells, which may help the patient fight the Ebola infection.

Q: A congenital defect mutates the genes that code for RAG1 & RAG2 making them unreadable (therefore no…

A:

Q: The current estimate is that mammalian B cells are capable of producing 1,010 different…

A: Immunoglobulins are composed of four polypeptide chains out of which two are heavy chains and two…

Q: All of the following are functions of antibodies except a. neutralization of pathogen. b.…

A: The antibody has a Y-shaped structure. It is a product of the immune system which detects the…

Q: The influenza virus produces a protein that degrades interferon. How does this increase its…

A: Some viruses like influenza virus escape the anti-viral activities of interferons by gene (and thus…

Q: Humoral immunity is the part of the adaptive immune system involving: A.cytotoxic T cells killing…

A: The adaptive immune system is also known as acquired or specific immune system. It is a subset of…

Q: You encounter a patient who can't seem to fight off infections that normal patients can. You suspect…

A: Cytokines are tiny proteins secreted by cells that have direct influences on cell communication.…

Q: Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct is to make a true…

A: A)  true B) false,  secondary immunue response is controlled by T- cells

Q: Decreased immunity is a symptom of HIV/AIDS. This is caused by which of the following? Select one:…

A: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a spectrum of life-threatening conditions is caused by…

Q: This year, SARS-COV-2 strains have been reported to have mutated in the body of an immunocompromised…

A: There may be now clear evidence of altered antigenicity of SARS- CoV-2 spike protein and amino acid…

Q: A 35- year old farmer stepped on a rusty nail and does not remember the last time he had a tetanus…

A: Tetanus, often referred to as lockjaw, is caused by a bacteria that's most ordinarily found in soil.…

Q: Which of the following is not a function of antibodies? Select one: a. They neutralize pathogens by…

A: Introduction: The proteins that are produced in response to an antigen are called antibodies. It is…

Q: When vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is used to infect mice via footpad injection, viral particles…

A: Immune system is system which helps our body to fight against the foreign substances which will…

Q: An example of innate immune cells are: A. Macrophages B. Dendritic cells C. T cells D. B cells…

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Q: Tuberculosis is a chronic respiratory condition caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a high…

A: Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Q: A positive tuberculin test shows cellular immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. How could a person…

A: 1. Previous TB infection:  - When an individual is infected with M. tuberculosis, the bacteria are…

Q: vaccine known as bacillus calmette guerin bcg is used. it is not used in the united states. every…

A: The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis (TB). It is…

Q: Which of the following cells would be safe from a natural killer (NK) cell's cytotoxicity? O a…

A: Natural killer or NK cells are lymphocytes which work like the Cytotoxic T cells, NK cells are fast…

Q: Write T if the statement is correct; write F if the statement is not correct. P and E selectins are…

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Q: Why is the response to T-independent antigens important medically?

A: Importance of T independent antigen medically -- T cells  -- These are type of lymphocyte ,White…

Q: A number of vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus (which causes COVID) are currently in use. Based…

A: Acquired immunity- a type of immunity that is not present by birth but is developed over a lifetime.…

Q: A friend was recently diagnosed with strep throat. One week after their treatment, his symptoms…

A: Strep throat is a bacterial infection caused by a bacterium species known as Streptococcus pyogenes.…

Q: How many types of “foreign molecules” (use the proper term where needed) does each cell recognize?…

A: Antigens can be classified according to their source: Antigens from outside the body Exogenous…

Q: Describe the main functions of B cells. What are the main five classes of antibodies, and their…

A: B-cells, which are important immune system regulators, produce antibodies, antigen-presenting cells,…

Q: What produces Autoantibodies? Select one: a. Macrophages b. Memory T cells c. Plasma B cells d.…

A: Antibodies (immune proteins) that mistakenly target and react with a person's own tissues or organs…

Q: HIV can be treated with therapy, but there is a growing in the level of innate  immune activation…

A: Inanate immune system constitute first line of defense to HIV virus, paatern of association is the…

Q: Using the figure shown below, briefly explain the relationship between levels of HIV viral RNA,…

A: HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system, such as helper T cells specifically CD4+ T…

Q: on with HIV has far fewer Helper T cells than a healthy person becau and destroys Helper T cells.…

A: HIV is Human immunodeficiency virus. As HIV causes  the white  blood cell most effectively.

Q: You have an adult patient who is exhibiting persistent and severe infections caused by opportunistic…

A: Without a doubt! To better understand the diagnostic workup and treatment options available to a…

Q: which two of following statements are true for an antigen prsent cell such as dendritic cell? a.…

A: Answer :- Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play a crucial role in the immune system by initiating and…

Q: Which of the following use similar process of cytolysis? A.Plasma cell/ Macrophage B.Helper T…

A: Cytolysis is carried out predominantly by the natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes…

Q: H1N1 and H5N2 can undergo an antigenic shift. The H and N genes are independent gene segments. What…

A: Antigenic drift signifies the mixing of different inflenza genes from different species.  Influenza…

Q: CD8 T cells in a culture are analyzed for their ability to produce the cytokine IFN-g, and the…

A: T cells are the essential component of immune system. These are developed in the bone marrow and…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.