Identify the electrophile and the nucleophile in each of the following reaction steps. Then draw curved arrows to illustrate the bond-making and bond-breaking processes.
Identify the electrophile and the nucleophile in each of the following reaction steps. Then draw curved arrows to illustrate the bond-making and bond-breaking processes.
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
Related questions
Question
Identify the electrophile and the nucleophile in each of the following reaction steps. Then draw curved arrows to illustrate the bond-making and bond-breaking processes.
![### Chemical Reactions Involving Organic Compounds
**Equation 1: Bromine Addition to a Cyclopropane Compound**
The first reaction shows the addition of bromine to a cyclopropane compound.
Reactants:
- Cyclopropane derivative with a bromine atom attached: \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{C}(\text{Br})\text{CH} \)
- Bromine molecule: \( \cdot \text{Br}_2 \)
Reaction:
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CBr-CH} + \cdot \text{Br}_2 \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CBr}_2\text{CH} \]
Explanation:
- A cyclopropane derivative with a single bromine (attached to the middle carbon) reacts with a diatomic bromine molecule.
- The product is a compound where the double-bonded carbon now has two bromine atoms attached.
**Equation 2: Deprotonation of Alkyne by Ammonia**
The second reaction shows the deprotonation of an alkyne by ammonia.
Reactants:
- Ethyne derivative: \( \text{CH}_3\text{C} \equiv \text{C-H} \)
- Ammonia with its lone pair: \( \cdot \text{NH}_2 \)
Reaction:
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{C} \equiv \text{C-H} + \cdot \text{NH}_2 \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{C} \equiv \text{C}- \text{NH}_3 \]
Explanation:
- An ethyne derivative reacts with an ammonia molecule.
- The alkyne undergoes deprotonation by the ammonia, resulting in a nitrile and a protonated ammonia molecule.
These reactions are fundamental examples demonstrating mechanisms such as bromine addition and deprotonation in organic chemistry.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F2f355f0d-6bad-496d-affc-f6c8ffbc9dbd%2F20ff51b4-d0a9-4542-ba2d-29db7d3486e3%2Fob0fnwk.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Chemical Reactions Involving Organic Compounds
**Equation 1: Bromine Addition to a Cyclopropane Compound**
The first reaction shows the addition of bromine to a cyclopropane compound.
Reactants:
- Cyclopropane derivative with a bromine atom attached: \( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{C}(\text{Br})\text{CH} \)
- Bromine molecule: \( \cdot \text{Br}_2 \)
Reaction:
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CBr-CH} + \cdot \text{Br}_2 \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CBr}_2\text{CH} \]
Explanation:
- A cyclopropane derivative with a single bromine (attached to the middle carbon) reacts with a diatomic bromine molecule.
- The product is a compound where the double-bonded carbon now has two bromine atoms attached.
**Equation 2: Deprotonation of Alkyne by Ammonia**
The second reaction shows the deprotonation of an alkyne by ammonia.
Reactants:
- Ethyne derivative: \( \text{CH}_3\text{C} \equiv \text{C-H} \)
- Ammonia with its lone pair: \( \cdot \text{NH}_2 \)
Reaction:
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{C} \equiv \text{C-H} + \cdot \text{NH}_2 \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{C} \equiv \text{C}- \text{NH}_3 \]
Explanation:
- An ethyne derivative reacts with an ammonia molecule.
- The alkyne undergoes deprotonation by the ammonia, resulting in a nitrile and a protonated ammonia molecule.
These reactions are fundamental examples demonstrating mechanisms such as bromine addition and deprotonation in organic chemistry.
Expert Solution
This question has been solved!
Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.
This is a popular solution!
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 2 images
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9780078021558
Author:
Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305079373
Author:
William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781118431221
Author:
Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:
WILEY