One of the B-complex vitamins which is the precursor of Nicotinamide in the coenzyme NAD+.

Q: The Big Picture" – Metabolic Integration. Metabolic pathways are regulated to maintain homeostasis…

A: Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway of the process of metabolism, where a series of chemical…

Q: disease. As such, a tron Type 2 diabetes arug metformin, which acts indirectly to inhibit…

A: Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic pathway that is responsible for the synthesis of glucose from…

Q: What [ATP]/[ADP] ratio will be established at steady-state under these conditions?  What would be…

A: ATP synthase catalyzes the synthesis of ATP by generating proton motive force. It contains the Fo-F1…

Q: Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate allosterically [inhibits/activates] PFK-1 and allosterically…

A: The reactions that transform one molecule to another(reactants to products) within the living cells…

Q: binding? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select…

A: ER is nothing but estrogen receptor.  Estrogen is a female sex hormone .

Q: Membrane Receptors and Medicine. A patient, who has a stressful job, comes in with high blood…

A: The use of beta-blockers in the management of hypertension represents a pharmacological approach to…

Q: 1. Identify the following proteins with their active role in cell- (a) Hemoglobin, (b) Alcohol…

A: “Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If youwant any…

Q: Pathways of formation and using of a pool of free amino acids in the human body.

A: Proteins are made up of polypeptide chains made up of amino acids. There are several proteases…

Q: The malate aspartate shuttle plays many roles in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Malate can…

A: 1The malate aspartate shuttle plays many roles in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Malate can…

Q: Regulation mechanism for hexokinase 1 and hexokinase IV

A: Hexokinase is basically the enzyme that helps in the phosphorylation of a six-carbon sugar, a…

Q: Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 are three different GTPases that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics. We've…

A: Introduction and overview GTPases are a large family of proteins that function as molecular…

Q: Describe the homeostatic reflex loop (including feedback) controlling thyroid gland secretion in a…

A: Homeostasis refers to a complete balance of the equilibrium between the internal physiological…

Q: Glycogen provides short term energy storage primarily in liver and muscle.  Defects in the enzymes…

A: NOTE: The blanks are numbered as 1, 2, 3 and 4.  The blood glucose levels is the measure of…

Q: Pathways of catabolism of free amino acids to end products

A: The amino acids from degraded proteins or which are obtained from the diet can be used by the body…

Q: Applying signal transduction mechanisms in the context of Type I and Type II Diabetes. Describe the…

A: In patients with type 1 diabetes, the insulin hormone is not secreted or it is secreted in very less…

Q: . In the biosynthesis of amino acids. Glutamate can serve as an intermediate in the synthesis of the…

A: 9 out of the 20 standard amino acids are regarded essential to humans as we cannot biosynthesize…

Q: A pregnant Malin, 29 years old. She is there to pick up her recipe terbutaline, a short-acting β2…

A: There are two types of β2 agonists: short-acting and long-acting. They are given to the patient for…

Q: ILLUSTRATIONS. For each of the given proteins: • Draw the final location of the following proteins…

A: Introduction  A protein is an extremely complex natural molecule made up of amino acid residues…

Q: make a mind map for N2 fixation. amino acid synthesis and amino acid degredation.

A: The mechanism of biologically fixation of nitroge is a process in which aerobic nitrogen is…

Q: a- During intense exercise the transformation glucose to lactate causes very less ATP production…

A: Introduction Under oxygen-deprived conditions, pyruvate converts into lactate in the cytoplasm upon…

Q: Cell signaling. The ER doctors gave a patient an injection of epinephrine to increase his heart…

A: Receptors are considered to be macromolecules that take part in signaling within and between cells.…

Q: Fo-F1 ATPase. The energy for ATP synthesis from ADP and Pi is provided by the downhill transport of…

A: First calculate the proton concentrations inside and outside the membrane. pHinside=8 -log[H+]inside…

Q: 2. Why is lecithin used as an emulsifier? 3. The product of reaction between cholesterol and fatty…

A: Biomolecules are the biological molecules that are present inside the living organisms. These…

Q: abolic Gene Expression urance training induces up-regulation of metabolic genes encoding enzymes or…

A: The act of exercising to build endurance is known as endurance training. The phrase "endurance…

Q: You're working in a lab that studies a newly discovered protein called GOT. You have preliminary…

A: Proteins are biomolecules that serve diverse functional roles within a cell.  Receptors are proteins…

Q: Choose a FALSE statement about Hill's plot. All or none binding is given by n = N² (N is the total…

A: Hills plot is a graphical representation used in biochemistry to analyze the cooperative binding of…

Q: citrulline and aspartate Cleavage of argininosuccinate Condensation of ammonia, carbon dioxide and…

A: The urea cycle is the cycle by which the more toxic ammonia is covered to less toxic urea. Ureotelic…

Q: help fill in the blanks Glucose is exported from liver cells when [hexokinase IV/glucose…

A: Glucose acts as energy fuel for our cell. Whenever there is low level of blood glucose , body senses…

Q: Why would it be advantageous for a cell to use glucose before lactose?

A: Glucose and lactose are both carbohydrates that are used as an energy source. When glucose and…

Q: branched chain amino acids form Succinyl CoA when catabolize

A: Catabolism of valine produce succinyl co-A.

Q: Chemical properties of fatty acids. Determination of the titer of higher fatty acids in solution.…

A: Fatty acids play an important role of fat in our bodies and food. Fats are broken down into fatty…

Q: Scheme of galactose catabolism. Enzymopathies

A: Galactose (Gal), also known as "milk sugar," is a monosaccharide sugar that is about as sweet as…

Q: ILLUSTRATIONS. For each of the given proteins: Draw the final location of the following proteins…

A: The process of transcription occurs in the nucleus following which the mRNA is translated in the…

Q: Transamination and its significance.

A: Transamination is a fundamental biochemical process that plays a critical role in the metabolism of…

Q: True/Flase? Substrate level phosphorylation is a process that produces ATP and other nucleoside…

A: Phosphorylation means the attachment of the phosphate group directly to the target molecule. ATP…

Q: Which of the following subunits act as a GTPase, breaking GTP into GDP and a phosphate? OA.G gamma O…

A: Heterotrimeric G-proteins are composed of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The chemical abilities of…

Q: Conjugation reactions in hepatocytes: glucuronidation reactions involving UDP-glucuronic acid.

A: Hepatocytes are liver cells responsible for the detoxification and elimination of drugs, toxins, and…

Q: Efficiency of ATP Production in Muscle: The transformation of glucose to lactate in myocytes…

A: Introduction: Pyruvate produced at the end of glycolysis is anaerobically converted to lactate in…

Q: Protein: complex I, Role: Complex I is the first enzyme complex involved in oxidizing NADH as part…

A: Coenzyme Q-10 (CoQ-10 or Ubiquinone) is a quinone that is found in most aerobic organisms from…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.