I. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, tan body color (B) is dominant to black (b), and dark red eyes (E) is dominant to bright orange (e). A black fly, heterozygous for eye color (Fly #1) is crossed to an orange eyed fly, heterozygous for body color (Fly #2). What are... Genotypes of the parents? x #2 Gametes from each parent? Ratios of gametes from each parent? Complete the following Punnett square. Indicate gamete genotypes from each parent and all offspring genotypes. Fly #1 What proportion of offspring are... Tan & dark red? Tan & orange? Black & dark red? Black & orange? #1 #1 #1 Fly #2 #2 #2

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### Activity: Hybrid Crosses, Probability & Pedigrees

#### I. Genetic Crosses in *Drosophila melanogaster*

In the fruit fly *Drosophila melanogaster*, tan body color (B) is dominant to black (b), and dark red eyes (E) is dominant to bright orange (e). A black fly, heterozygous for eye color (Fly #1) is crossed to an orange-eyed fly, heterozygous for body color (Fly #2). 

**Objectives:**
- Determine the genotypes, gametes, ratios of gametes, and complete the Punnett square to find offspring proportions.

**Questions:**
1. **Genotypes of the parents?**
   - Fly #1: __________
   - Fly #2: __________

2. **Gametes from each parent?**
   - Fly #1: __________
   - Fly #2: __________

3. **Ratios of gametes from each parent?**
   - Fly #1: __________
   - Fly #2: __________

4. **Punnett Square:**
   - Complete to indicate gamete genotypes from each parent and all offspring genotypes.

5. **Proportions of offspring:**
   - Tan & dark red?  ________
   - Tan & orange?  ________
   - Black & dark red?  ________
   - Black & orange?  ________

#### II. Probability in Genetic Crossing

What is the probability that this pair of parents will produce the indicated offspring?

- Genotypes: Aa Bb DD x aa Bb Dd → Aa Bb Dd

**Probability Calculation:**
- Punnett squares for each trait will help determine:
  - \( P(Aa) \)
  - \( P(Bb) \)
  - \( P(Dd) \)

**Final Probability:**
\[ P(\text{Aa Bb Dd}) = P(\text{Aa}) \times P(\text{Bb}) \times P(\text{Dd}) = \_\_\_\_ \]

#### III. Pedigree Analysis

**Instructions:**
For each of the three pedigrees, determine the likely mode of inheritance and the probability that individual ◊ will express the trait.

- **A. Pedigree I**
  - Mode of inheritance: __________
  - \( P(\lor \text{expresses trait}) = \_\_\_\_ \
Transcribed Image Text:### Activity: Hybrid Crosses, Probability & Pedigrees #### I. Genetic Crosses in *Drosophila melanogaster* In the fruit fly *Drosophila melanogaster*, tan body color (B) is dominant to black (b), and dark red eyes (E) is dominant to bright orange (e). A black fly, heterozygous for eye color (Fly #1) is crossed to an orange-eyed fly, heterozygous for body color (Fly #2). **Objectives:** - Determine the genotypes, gametes, ratios of gametes, and complete the Punnett square to find offspring proportions. **Questions:** 1. **Genotypes of the parents?** - Fly #1: __________ - Fly #2: __________ 2. **Gametes from each parent?** - Fly #1: __________ - Fly #2: __________ 3. **Ratios of gametes from each parent?** - Fly #1: __________ - Fly #2: __________ 4. **Punnett Square:** - Complete to indicate gamete genotypes from each parent and all offspring genotypes. 5. **Proportions of offspring:** - Tan & dark red? ________ - Tan & orange? ________ - Black & dark red? ________ - Black & orange? ________ #### II. Probability in Genetic Crossing What is the probability that this pair of parents will produce the indicated offspring? - Genotypes: Aa Bb DD x aa Bb Dd → Aa Bb Dd **Probability Calculation:** - Punnett squares for each trait will help determine: - \( P(Aa) \) - \( P(Bb) \) - \( P(Dd) \) **Final Probability:** \[ P(\text{Aa Bb Dd}) = P(\text{Aa}) \times P(\text{Bb}) \times P(\text{Dd}) = \_\_\_\_ \] #### III. Pedigree Analysis **Instructions:** For each of the three pedigrees, determine the likely mode of inheritance and the probability that individual ◊ will express the trait. - **A. Pedigree I** - Mode of inheritance: __________ - \( P(\lor \text{expresses trait}) = \_\_\_\_ \
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A dihybrid cross is a mating method in which the parents have two separate, genetically determined features. A dominant allele entirely determines the phenotype of heterozygotes, making them indistinguishable from those homozygous for the allele. The dominant allele fully conceals the expression of the other (recessive) allele in heterozygotes. The recessive can be expressed only when homozygous.

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