Answered: Human enzymes have an optimal…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Human enzymes have an optimal temperature of approximately 37°C, while thermophilic bacterial enzymes have an optimal temperature of approximately 75°C. Which of the following statements best explains the change in the rate of these enzymatic reactions between 40°C and 70°C?

The rate of reaction of the human enzyme decreases as the reaction requires less energy to proceed, while the rate of the reaction of the thermophilic bacterial enzyme increases as the reaction requires more energy to proceed.

The rate of reaction of the human enzyme decreases as the enzyme denatures, while the rate of the reaction of the thermophilic bacterial enzyme increases as molecules move faster, causing more collisions between the enzyme and substrate.

The rate of reaction of the human enzyme decreases as the entire enzyme denatures, while the rate of the reaction of the thermophilic bacterial enzyme increases as only the active site of the enzyme denatures at higher temperatures, allowing for a tighter fit with the substrate.

The rate of reaction of the human enzyme decreases as the molecules move slower and fewer collisions occur between the enzyme and the substrate, while the rate of the reaction of the thermophilic bacterial enzyme increases as molecules move faster, causing more collisions between the enzyme and substrate.

The graph illustrates the relationship between temperature and the rate of reaction for two types of enzymes: human enzymes and thermophilic bacterial enzymes.

**Graph Details:**

- **Axes:**
- The x-axis represents Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C), ranging from 0 to 120°C.
- The y-axis represents the Rate of Reaction.

- **Curves:**
- The blue curve denotes the activity of a human enzyme. It shows that the optimal temperature for human enzyme activity is around 40°C. The rate of reaction increases with the temperature up to this point and then sharply decreases.
- The orange curve represents the activity of a thermophilic bacterial enzyme. The optimal temperature for this enzyme is higher, approximately around 80°C. Similar to the human enzyme, the rate of reaction increases with temperature until reaching the optimal point, after which it declines.

**Key Points:**
- Human enzymes have a lower optimal temperature compared to thermophilic bacterial enzymes.
- Thermophilic enzymes, adapted to high-temperature environments, function best at much higher temperatures.
- The graph highlights the specificity of enzymes to their environments and the importance of optimal temperature in enzymatic reactions.

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