Hubble's law can be stated in vector form as v = HR. Outside the local group of galaxies, all objects are moving away from us with velocities proportional to their positions relative to us. In this form, it sounds as if our location in the Universe is specially privileged. Prove that Hubble's law is equally true for an observer elsewhere in the Uni- verse. Proceed as follows. Assume we are at the origin of coordinates, one galaxy cluster is at location R, and has velocity v, = HR relative to us, and another galaxy cluster has position vector R, and velocity v, = HR, Suppose the speeds are nonrelativistic. Consider the frame of reference of an observer in the first of these galaxy clusters. (a) Show that our velocity relative to her, together with the position vector of our galaxy cluster from hers, satisfies Hubble's law. (b) Show that the position and velocity of cluster 2 rel- ative to cluster 1 satisfy Hubble's law.

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Hubble's law can be stated in vector form as v = HR.
Outside the local group of galaxies, all objects are moving
away from us with velocities proportional to their positions
relative to us. In this form, it sounds as if our location in
the Universe is specially privileged. Prove that Hubble's
law is equally true for an observer elsewhere in the Uni-
verse. Proceed as follows. Assume we are at the origin of
coordinates, one galaxy cluster is at location R, and has
velocity v, = HR relative to us, and another galaxy cluster
has position vector R, and velocity v, = HR, Suppose the
speeds are nonrelativistic. Consider the frame of reference
of an observer in the first of these galaxy clusters. (a) Show
that our velocity relative to her, together with the position
vector of our galaxy cluster from hers, satisfies Hubble's
law. (b) Show that the position and velocity of cluster 2 rel-
ative to cluster 1 satisfy Hubble's law.
Transcribed Image Text:Hubble's law can be stated in vector form as v = HR. Outside the local group of galaxies, all objects are moving away from us with velocities proportional to their positions relative to us. In this form, it sounds as if our location in the Universe is specially privileged. Prove that Hubble's law is equally true for an observer elsewhere in the Uni- verse. Proceed as follows. Assume we are at the origin of coordinates, one galaxy cluster is at location R, and has velocity v, = HR relative to us, and another galaxy cluster has position vector R, and velocity v, = HR, Suppose the speeds are nonrelativistic. Consider the frame of reference of an observer in the first of these galaxy clusters. (a) Show that our velocity relative to her, together with the position vector of our galaxy cluster from hers, satisfies Hubble's law. (b) Show that the position and velocity of cluster 2 rel- ative to cluster 1 satisfy Hubble's law.
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