Galaxy 1 300 Miy 150 Mly Galaxy 2 Galaxy 3 Galaxy 4 MW Galaxy 5 450 Mly 190 Mly v,--4500 kmis v,--2200 kmis v, - 2830 km/s v, - 6700 km/s Figure 3.64 Five galaxies on a straight line, showing their distances and
Stellar evolution
We may see thousands of stars in the dark sky. Our universe consists of billions of stars. Stars may appear tiny to us but they are huge balls of gasses. Sun is a star of average size. Some stars are even a thousand times larger than the sun. The stars do not exist forever they have a certain lifetime. The life span of the sun is about 10 billion years. The star undergoes various changes during its lifetime, this process is called stellar evolution. The structure of the sun-like star is shown below.
Red Shift
It is an astronomical phenomenon. In this phenomenon, increase in wavelength with corresponding decrease in photon energy and frequency of radiation of light. It is the displacement of spectrum of any kind of astronomical object to the longer wavelengths (red) side.
The great astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered that all
distant galaxies are receding from our Milky Way Galaxy with
velocities proportional to their distances. It appears to an
observer on the Earth that we are at the center of an
expanding universe.. illustrates this for five
galaxies lying along a straight line, with the Milky Way Galaxy
at the center. Using the data from the figure, calculate the
velocities: (a) relative to galaxy 2 and (b) relative to galaxy 5.
The results mean that observers on all galaxies will see
themselves at the center of the expanding universe, and they
would likely be aware of relative velocities, concluding that it
is not possible to locate the center of expansion with the
given information.
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