Briefly explain what is meant by "particle horizon" and "event horizon" in cosmology. Calculate the physical particle horizon, Ru(t), at time t. Assume a flat FRW universe which is dominated by a fluid that gives rise to scale factor evolution (-)", where n is a constant with 0
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- If some unknown cause of red shift—such as light becoming “tired” from traveling long distances through empty space—isdiscovered, what effect would there be on cosmology?Need homework help An object is measured to be at a distance of 20 Megaparsecs away from Earth. Using a currently accepted value of the Hubble constant, calculate its expected velocity away from Earth due to cosmic expansion.1. Assuming a spatially flat Universe, find the time dependence of: (a) the density of matter when the Universe is radiation dominated and (b) the density of radiation when the Universe is matter dominated.
- What is meant by the critical density of the universe? Why is this quantity important to cosmologists?By what factor would the critical density of the universe today change if the Hubble constant today measured at 5 times greater than what we previously thought?Suppose an alien race on a distant planet tries to send a message to us, with a laser (light). However, we were unaware that there is a stellar-mass black hole almost directly between us and them. How would this complicate our attempts to locate their position in the Galaxy? O Gravitational lensing would make the signal appear to be coming from a different location O The information carried by the laser (light) would be altered O It would not matter The black hole absorbs all of the light
- With the aid of a diagram, explain the physical origin of cosmological redshift in an expanding universe, and how this differs from the Doppler shift due to relative motion. Observations of distantgalaxies indicate that their recession velocities, v, and their distances, d, follow a Hubble Law:v = H0d, where H0 is a constant. Using the analogy of an expanding grid or ruler, demonstratethat Hubble’s Law indicates that the Universe is undergoing uniform expansion.A survey that uses Type la supernovae as standard candles to measure the distances to galaxies, combined with spectroscopic analysis of those galaxies Select one: to obtain their redshifts and recession velocities, yields the data shown in the The Universe is undergoing а. table. Use the data to sketch a diagram of velocity versus distance. Choose the accelerated expansion statement given below that can be O b. The Universe is contracting. inferred from the data. Velocities and distances to Ос. The data does not provide sufficient galaxies information to determine the rate of Distance (Mpc) expansion of the Universe. Velocity (km/s) 10 730 d. The expansion rate of the Universe is 250 16250 constant 500 30000 e. The expansion of the Universe is 800 40000 decelerating. 1000 45000The critical density of a universe is around 5×10-27 kg/m³. Estimate the Hubble constant for this universe.