Answered: How many atoms are contained in a…

Chemistry: Matter and Change

1st Edition

ISBN:9780078746376

Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom

Publisher:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom

Chapter4: The Structure Of The Atom

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11STP

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The density of gold, Au, is 19.32 g/cm3. What is the volume (in cubic centimeters) of a piece of gold that contains 2.6 × 1024 atoms?
Reference Section 5-2 to find the atomic masses of 12C and 13C, the relative abundance of 12C and 13C in natural carbon, and the average mass (in u) of a carbon atom. If you had a sample of natural carbon containing exactly 10,000 atoms, determine the number of 12C and 13C atoms present. What would be the average mass (in u) and the total mass (in u) of the carbon atoms in this 10,000-atom sample? If you had a sample of natural carbon containing 6.0221 1023 atoms, determine the number of 12C and 13C atoms present What would be the average mass (in u) and the total mass (in u) of this 6.0221 1023 atom sample? Given that 1 g = 6.0221 1023 u, what is the total mass of I mole of natural carbon in units of grams?
Uranium-235 is the isotope of uranium commonly used in nuclear power plants. How many (a) protons are in its nucleus? (b) neutrons are in its nucleus? (c) electrons are in a uranium atom?
There are 1.699 1022 atoms in 1.000 g of chlorine. Assume that chlorine atoms are spheres of radius 0.99 and that they are lined up side by side in a 0.5-g sample. How many miles in length is the line of chlorine atoms in the sample?
Argon has three naturally occurring isotopes: 0.3336% 36Ar, 0.063% 38Ar, and 99.60% 40Ar. Estimate the average atomic mass of argon. If the masses of the isotopes are 35.968 u, 37.963 u, and 39.962 u, respectively, calculate the average atomic mass of natural argon.
Chlorine has two prominent isotopes,37Cl and35Cl . Which is more abundant? How do you know?
If you have a ring that contains 1.94 g gold, calculate how many gold atoms are in the ring.
Here are three fictitious elements and a molecular view of the atoms that compose them. The molar mass of the middle element, (b), is 25 grams per dozen (g/doz). (The atoms of these fictitious elements are much larger than ordinary atoms.) Based on the size of the atoms, do you expect the atomic masses of elements (a) and (c) to be greater than or less than (b)? How many atoms are present in 175 g of element (b)?
The atomic masses in die periodic table are relative masses and average masses. Explain.
Calculate the number of atoms in the universe. The following steps will guide you through this calculation: a. Planets constitute less than 1% of the total mass of the universe and can, therefore, be neglected. Stars make up most of the visible mass of the universe, so we need to determine how many atoms are in a star. Stars are primarily composed of hydrogen atoms and our Sun is an average-sized star. Calculate the number of hydrogen atoms in our Sun given that the radius of the Sun is 7108 m and its density is 1.4g/cm3. The volume of a sphere is given by V=(43)r3 (Hint: Use the volume and the density to get the mass of the Sun.) b. The average galaxy (like our own Milky Way galaxy) contains 11011 stars, and the universe contains 1109 galaxies. Calculate the number of atoms in an average galaxy and finally the number of atoms in the entire universe. c. You can hold 11023 atoms in your hand (five copper pennies constitute 1.41023 copper atoms.) How does this number compare with the number of atoms in the universe?
Click on the site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PhetAtomMass) and select the Mix Isotopes tab, hide the Percent Composition and Average Atomic Mass boxes, and then select the element boron. Write the symbols of the isotopes of boron that are shown as naturally occurring in significant amounts. Predict the relative amounts (percentages) of these boron isotopes found in nature. Explain the reasoning behind your choice. Add isotopes to the black box to make a mixture that matches your prediction in (b). You may drag isotopes from their bins or click on More and then move the sliders to the appropriate amounts. Reveal the Percent Composition and Average Atomic Mass boxes. How well does your mixture match with your prediction? If necessary, adjust the isotope amounts to match your prediction. Select Nature’s mix of isotopes and compare it to your prediction. How well does your prediction compare with the naturally occurring mixture? Explain. If necessary, adjust your amounts to make them match Nature’s amounts as closely as possible.
Indium oxide contains 4.784 g of indium for every 1.000 g of oxygen. In 1869, when Mendeleev first presented his version of the periodic table, he proposed the formula In2O3 for indium oxide. Before that time it was thought that the formula was InO. What values for the atomic mass of indium are obtained using these two formulas? Assume that oxygen has an atomic mass of 16.00.

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How many atoms are contained in a sample of krypton, Kr, that weighs 8.38 g? one