General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List) 11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305580343
Author: Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher: Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
1 Chemistry And Measurement 2 Atoms, Molescules, And Ions 3 Calculations With Chemical Formulas And Equaitons 4 Chemical Reactions 5 The Gaseous State 6 Thermochemisty 7 Quantum Theory Of The Atom 8 Electron Configurations And Periodicity 9 Ionic And Covalent Bonding 10 Molecular Geometry And Chemical Bonding Theory 11 States Of Matter; Liquids And Solids 12 Solutions 13 Rates Of Reaction 14 Chemical Equilibirum 15 Acids And Bases 16 Acid-base Equilibria 17 Solubility And Complex-ion Equilibria 18 Thermodynamics And Equilibrium 19 Electrochemistry 20 Nuclear Chemistry 21 Chemistry Of The Main-group Elements 22 The Transition Elements And Coordination Compounds 23 Organic Chemistry 24 Polymer Materials: Synthetic And Biological A.1 Scientific (exponential) Notation A.2 Logarithms A.3 Algebraic Operations And Graphing Chapter19: Electrochemistry
19.1 Balancing Oxidation-reduction Reactions In Acidic And Basic Solutions 19.2 Construction Of Voltaic Cells 19.3 Notation For Voltaic Cells 19.4 Cell Potential 19.5 Standard Cell Potentials And Standard Electrode Potentials 19.6 Equilibrium Constants From Cell Potentials 19.7 Dependence Of Cell Potential On Concentration 19.8 Some Commercial Voltaic Cells 19.9 Electrolysis Of Molten Salts 19.10 Aquesous Electrolysis 19.11 Stiochiometry Of Electrolysis Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 19.1QP: Describe the difference between a voltaic cell and an electrolytic cell. Problem 19.2QP Problem 19.3QP: What is the SI unit of electrical potential? Problem 19.4QP: Define the faraday. Problem 19.5QP: Why is it necessary to measure the voltage of a voltaic cell when no current is flowing to obtain... Problem 19.6QP Problem 19.7QP Problem 19.8QP Problem 19.9QP Problem 19.10QP Problem 19.11QP Problem 19.12QP Problem 19.13QP Problem 19.14QP Problem 19.15QP Problem 19.16QP Problem 19.17QP: Briefly explain why different products are obtained from the electrolysis of molten NaCl and the... Problem 19.18QP Problem 19.19QP Problem 19.20QP: What half-reaction would be expected to occur at the cathode in the electrolysis of aqueous sodium... Problem 19.21QP Problem 19.22QP: The voltaic cell is represented as Zn(s)Zn2+(1.0M)Cu2+(1.0M)Cu(s) Which of the following statements... Problem 19.23QP: Electrochemical Cells I You have the following setup to construct a cell under standard conditions.... Problem 19.24QP: Electrochemical Cells II Consider this cell running under standard conditions:... Problem 19.25QP Problem 19.26QP Problem 19.27QP Problem 19.28QP Problem 19.29QP Problem 19.30QP Problem 19.31QP Problem 19.32QP: You have 1.0 M solutions of Al(NO3)3 and AgNO3 along with Al and Ag electrodes to construct a... Problem 19.33QP: The zinc copper voltaic cell shown with this problem is currently running under standard conditions.... Problem 19.34QP: The development of lightweight batteries is an ongoing research effort combining many of the... Problem 19.35QP Problem 19.36QP Problem 19.37QP: Balance the following oxidationreduction equations. The reactions occur in basic solution. a... Problem 19.38QP: Balance the following oxidationreduction equations. The reactions occur in basic solution. a... Problem 19.39QP: Balance the following oxidationreduction equations. The reactions occur in acidic or basic aqueous... Problem 19.40QP Problem 19.41QP: Balance the following oxidationreduction equations. The reactions occur in acidic or basic aqueous... Problem 19.42QP Problem 19.43QP: A voltaic cell is constructed from the following half-cells: a chromium electrode in chromium(III)... Problem 19.44QP: Half-cells were made from a nickel rod dipping in a nickel sulfate solution and a silver rod dipping... Problem 19.45QP: Zinc react spontaneously with silver ion. Zn(s)+2Ag+(aq)Zn2+(aq)+2Ag(s) Describe a voltaic cell... Problem 19.46QP Problem 19.47QP: A silver oxidezinc cell maintains a fairly constant voltage during discharge (1.60 V). The button... Problem 19.48QP: A mercury battery, used for hearing aids and electric watches, delivers a constant voltage (1.35 V)... Problem 19.49QP: Write the cell notation for a voltaic cell with the following half-reactions.... Problem 19.50QP: Write the cell notation for a voltaic cell with the following half-reactions.... Problem 19.51QP: Give the notation for a voltaic cell constructed from a hydrogen electrode (cathode) in 1.0 M HCl... Problem 19.52QP: A voltaic cell has an iron rod in 0.30 M iron(III) chloride solution for the cathode and a zinc rod... Problem 19.53QP Problem 19.54QP: Write the overall cell reaction for the following voltaic cell. PtH2(g)H+(aq)Br2(l)Br(aq)Pt Problem 19.55QP: Consider the voltaic cell Cd(s)Cd2+(aq)Ni2+(aq)Ni(s) Write the half-cell reactions and the overall... Problem 19.56QP: Consider the voltaic cell Zn(s)Zn2+(aq)Cr3(aq)Cr(s) Write the half-cell reactions and the overall... Problem 19.57QP: A voltaic cell whose cell reaction is 2Fe3(aq)+Zn(s)2Fe2(aq)+Zn2+(aq) has a cell potential of 0.72... Problem 19.58QP: A particular voltaic cell operates on the reaction Zn(s)+Cl2(g)Zn2+(aq)+2Cl(aq) giving a cell... Problem 19.59QP: What is the maximum work you can obtain from 30.0 g of nickel in the following cell when the cell... Problem 19.60QP: Calculate the maximum work available from 50.0 g of aluminum in the following cell when the cell... Problem 19.61QP: Order the following oxidizing agents by increasing strength under standard-state conditions: O2(g);... Problem 19.62QP: Order the following oxidizing agents by increasing strength under standard-state conditions:... Problem 19.63QP: Consider the reducing agents Cu+(aq), Zn(s), and Fe(s). Which is strongest? Which is weakest? Problem 19.64QP Problem 19.65QP Problem 19.66QP: Answer the following questions by referring to standard electrode potentials at 25C. a Will oxygen,... Problem 19.67QP Problem 19.68QP: Dichromate ion, Cr2O72, is added to an acidic solution containing Br and Mn2+. Write a balanced... Problem 19.69QP: Calculate the standard cell potential of the following cell at 25C. Cr(s)Cr3(aq)Hg22(aq)Hg(l) Problem 19.70QP: Calculate the standard cell potential of the following cell at 25C. Sn(s)Sn2+(aq)I2(aq)I(aq) Problem 19.71QP: What is the standard cell potential you would obtain from a cell at 25C using an electrode in which... Problem 19.72QP: What is the standard cell potential you would obtain from a cell at 25C using an electrode in which... Problem 19.73QP: Calculate the standard free-energy change at 25C for the following reaction.... Problem 19.74QP: Calculate the standard free-energy change at 25C for the following reaction.... Problem 19.75QP: What is G for the following reaction? 2Br(aq)+Cl2(g)Br2(l)+2Cl(aq) Use data given in Table 19.1. Problem 19.76QP Problem 19.77QP: Calculate the standard cell potential at 25C for the following cell reaction from standard free... Problem 19.78QP: Calculate the standard cell potential at 25C for the following cell reaction from standard free... Problem 19.79QP Problem 19.80QP: Calculate the standard cell potential of the cell corresponding to the oxidation of oxalic acid,... Problem 19.81QP: Calculate the equilibrium constant K for the following reaction at 25C from standard electrode... Problem 19.82QP: Calculate the equilibrium constant K for the following reaction at 25C from standard electrode... Problem 19.83QP: Copper(I) ion can act as both an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent. Hence, it can react with... Problem 19.84QP Problem 19.85QP: Calculate the cell potential of the following cell at 25C. Cr(s)Cr3+(1.0103M)Ni2+(1.5M)Ni(s) Problem 19.86QP: What is the cell potential of the following cell at 25C? Ni(s)Ni2+(1.0M)Sn2(1.5104M)Sn(s) Problem 19.87QP: Calculate the cell potential of a cell operating with the following reaction at 25C, in which [MnO4]... Problem 19.88QP: Calculate the cell potential of a cell operating with the following reaction at 25C, in which... Problem 19.89QP: The voltaic cell Cd(s)Cd2+(aq)Ni2+(1.0M)Ni(s) has a cell potential of 0.290 V at 25C. What is the... Problem 19.90QP: The cell potential of the following cell at 25C is 0.480 V. ZnZn2+(1M)H+(testsolution)H2(1atm)Pt... Problem 19.91QP: What are the half-reactions in the electrolysis of a CaS(l); b CsOH(l)? Problem 19.92QP: What are the half-reactions in the electrolysis of a MgBr2(l); b Ca(OH)2(l)? Problem 19.93QP: Describe what you expect to happen when the following solutions are electrolyzed: a aqueous Na2SO4;... Problem 19.94QP Problem 19.95QP: In the commercial preparation of aluminum, aluminum oxide, Al2O3, is electrolyzed at 1000C. (The... Problem 19.96QP: Chlorine, Cl2, is produced commercially by the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride. The anode... Problem 19.97QP: When molten lithium chloride, LiCl, is electrolyzed, lithium metal is liberated at the cathode. How... Problem 19.98QP: How many grams of cadmium are deposited from an aqueous solution of cadmium sulfate. CdSO4, when an... Problem 19.99QP: Some metals, such as iron, can be oxidized to more than one oxidation state. Obtain the balanced net... Problem 19.100QP: Some metals, such as thallium, can be oxidized to more than one oxidation state. Obtain the balanced... Problem 19.101QP: Balance the following skeleton equations. The reactions occur in acidic or basic aqueous solution,... Problem 19.102QP Problem 19.103QP Problem 19.104QP Problem 19.105QP Problem 19.106QP: Give the notation for a voltaic cell whose overall cell reaction is Mg(s)+2Ag+(aq)Mg2+(aq)+2Ag(s)... Problem 19.107QP Problem 19.108QP: Use electrode potentials to answer the following questions, assuming standard conditions. a Do you... Problem 19.109QP Problem 19.110QP Problem 19.111QP: a Calculate the equilibrium constant for the following reaction at 25C. Sn(s)+Pb2+(aq)Sn2+(aq)+Pb(s)... Problem 19.112QP Problem 19.113QP: How many faradays are required for each of the following processes? How many coulombs arc required?... Problem 19.114QP Problem 19.115QP: In an analytical determination of arsenic, a solution containing arsenious acid, H3AsO3, potassium... Problem 19.116QP Problem 19.117QP Problem 19.118QP Problem 19.119QP: A solution of copper(II) sulfate is electrolyzed by passing a current through the solution using... Problem 19.120QP: A potassium chloride solution is electrolyzed by passing a current through the solution using inert... Problem 19.121QP: A constant current of 1.40 amp is passed through an electrolytic cell containing a 0.100 M solution... Problem 19.122QP: A constant current of 1.25 amp is passed through an electrolytic cell containing a 0.050 M solution... Problem 19.123QP: An aqueous solution of an unknown salt of gold is electrolyzed by a current of 2.75 amps for 3.39... Problem 19.124QP: An aqueous solution of an unknown salt of vanadium is electrolyzed by a current of 2.50 amps for... Problem 19.125QP: An electrochemical cell is made by placing a zinc electrode in 1.00 L of 0.200 M ZnSO4 solution and... Problem 19.126QP: An electrochemical cell is made by placing an iron electrode in 1.00 L of 0.15 M FeSO4 solution and... Problem 19.127QP Problem 19.128QP: a Calculate G for the following cell reaction: Tl(s)Tl+(aq)Pb2+(aq)Pb(s) The Gf for Tl+(aq) is 32.4... Problem 19.129QP Problem 19.130QP Problem 19.131QP: A voltaic cell is constructed from a half-cell in which a chromium rod dips into a solution of... Problem 19.132QP Problem 19.133QP Problem 19.134QP: Order the following oxidizing agents by increasing strength under standard-state conditions:... Problem 19.135QP: What is the cell potential (Ecell) of a spontaneous cell that is run at 25C and contains [Cr3+] =... Problem 19.136QP Problem 19.137QP: Which of the following reactions occur spontaneously as written, with the production of a measurable... Problem 19.138QP Problem 19.139QP: The following two half-reactions arc involved in a voltaic cell. At standard conditions, what... Problem 19.140QP Problem 19.141QP Problem 19.142QP: A 1.0-L sample of 1.0 M HCl solution has a 10.0 A current applied for 45 minutes. What is the pH of... Problem 19.143QP: Consider the following cell running under standard conditions: Fe(s)Fe2+(aq)Al3+(aq)Al(s) a Is this... Problem 19.144QP Problem 19.145QP Problem 19.146QP Problem 19.147QP: Consider the following cell reaction at 25C. 2Cr3+(aq)+3Zn(s)3Zn2(aq)+2Cr(s) Calculate the standard... Problem 19.148QP: Consider the following cell reaction at 25C. 2Cr(s)+3Fe2+(aq)2Cr3+(aq)+3Fe(s) Calculate the standard... Problem 19.149QP Problem 19.150QP Problem 19.151QP Problem 19.152QP Problem 19.153QP: An electrode is prepared by dipping a silver strip into a solution saturated with silver... Problem 19.154QP: An electrode is prepared from liquid mercury in contact with a saturated solution of mercury(I)... Problem 19.75QP: What is G for the following reaction? 2Br(aq)+Cl2(g)Br2(l)+2Cl(aq) Use data given in Table 19.1.
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How is electrochemistry related to everyday life? Use examples.
Definition Definition Study of chemical reactions that result in the production of electrical energy. Electrochemistry focuses particularly on how chemical energy is converted into electrical energy and vice-versa. This energy is used in various kinds of cells, batteries, and appliances. Most electrochemical reactions involve oxidation and reduction.
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