How high or low a star is on the main sequence is dictated primarily by ... Select one: A. its chemical composition B. the fraction of metals in its atmosphere C. what elements are fusing in its core D. the size of its photosphere E. its mass
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- Which stars have the longest period of variability? a. RR Lyrae b. Type I (classical) Cepheids c. Type II Cepheids d. main-sequence stars e. All have the same period.The white dwarf that remains when our Sun dies will be mostly made of A. helium. B. carbon. C. neutrons. D. hydrogen. Is the answer B? Thanks!Match each statement with the appropriate item (If the first corresponds to B and the next 4 to C, enter BCCCC) 1) stars that have evolved off the main sequence and are growing in luminosity due to a hydrogen burning shell 2) young, spread out star cluster 3) cooler stars in a cluster that have not yet evolved off the main sequence 4) stars that are burning helium in their core 5) old, dense star cluster A. red-giant branch B. open cluster C. lower main sequence D. horizontal branch stars E. globular cluster
- List the following 5 terms in order through a stars life cycle (starting with the sun), through the remainder of its lifetime: a. Black dwarf b. Planetary nebula c. Red giant d. Star (Sun) e. White dwarfIf a star is to eventually form a stellar black hole at any point in its life cycle what must happen? A. Gravity must be strong enough to compress all its material to be smaller than its schwartzchild radius B. it must pass by a supermassive black hole and tidal forces will do the rest C. Gravity must expand it so it can over power the nuclear forces that compress it and keep it from exploding by giving off all its heat D. A star will always have the same mass and radius and the only black holes that exist are ones that have existed shortly after the big bangQuestion A4 a) A star has a temperature T = 15000K, mass M = 0.25M and luminosity L = 0.02L. Sketch the position of this star on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram relative to the main sequence. b) Using the given properties of the star, derive expressions for the star's radius R and mean density p. Calculate values for these in units of R. and kg m-³, respectively. c) Starting from the equation for hydrostatic equilibrium, derive an approximate expression for the central pressure Pc of the star in terms of its density p and radius R, assuming uniform ρ density. d) Assuming that the star is made of ordinary gas material such as the Sun, calculate an estimate of the central temperature of the star. From this value and the luminosity, briefly explain what can be inferred about the nuclear processes in the star. Discuss very briefly why your estimate for the central temperature may be too large.
- 12. A star with spectral type MO has a surface temperature of 3750 K and a radius of 0.63 Rsun: How many times more luminous is this star than the Sun? (if it is less luminous enter a number less than one) Answer: Submit All Answers Last Answer: 0.0923 Incorrect, tries 1/5. Hint: Use the Luminosity equation, which says that L is proportional to R^2 T^4. If you keep these as ratios compared to the sun, your L will also come out as a ratio compared to the Sun. This star has a mass of 0.4 Msun- Using the simple approximation that we made in class, what is the main sequence lifetime of this star? You may assume that the lifetime of the sun is 1010 yr. Answer: Submit All Answers Compare this to the lifetime of a MO star listed in Table 22.1 (computed using a more sophisticated approach). Is the value you calculated in the previous problem longer or shorter than what is reported in the table? (L for longer, S for shorter) (You only get one try at this problem.) Answer: Submit All AnswersWhich of the following statements about various stages of core nuclear burning (hydrogen, helium, carbon, etc.) in a high- mass star is not true? A. As each stage ends, the core shrinks and heats further. B. Each successive stage creates an element with a higher atomic number and atomic mass number. C. As each stage ends, the reactions that occurred in previous stages continue in shells around the core. D.Each successive stage lasts for approximately the same amount of time.