How does logging in a tropical rain forest affect the forest in later years? Researchers compared forest plots in Borneo that had never been logged (Group 11 ) with similar plots that had been logged one year earlier (Group 22 ), and eight years earlier (Group 33 ). Although the study was not an experiment, the authors explained why we can consider the plots to be randomly selected. The data appear in the table. The variable Trees is the count of trees in a plot; Species is the count of tree species in a plot. The variable Richness is the number of species divided by the number of individual trees. Data from a study of logging in Borneo (Picture Attached) To access the complete data set, click the link for your preferred software format: Excel Minitab JMP SPSS TI R Mac-TXT PC-TXT CSV CrunchIt! It was found that there is strong evidence that logging is related to differences in the mean number of species. It was also found that it would be risky to use ANOVA to analyze richness, since conditions were not met. Use software to analyze to effect of logging on the number of trees. (a) Make a table of the group means and standard deviations for the variable Trees. Do the standard deviations satisfy our rule of thumb for safe use of ANOVA? What do the means suggest about the effect of logging on the number of trees? The ratio of the largest and smallest standard deviation is more than 22 , so the condition is not satisfied. The means suggest that logging reduces the number of trees. The ratio of the largest and smallest standard deviation is less than 22 , so the condition is satisfied. The means suggest that logging increases the number of trees. The ratio of the largest and smallest standard deviation is less than 22 , so the condition is satisfied. The means suggest that logging reduces the number of trees. The ratio of the largest and smallest standard deviation is more than 22 , so the condition is satisfied. The means suggest that logging increases the number of trees. (b) Carry out the ANOVA. Report the ?F statistic and its ?P ‑value. (Enter your answer for ?F rounded to two decimal places. Enter your answer for the ?P ‑value rounded to four decimal places.) ?:F: ?:P: Select the best conclusion. The test results are irrelevant, since the conditions were not met. There is strong evidence that the mean number of trees is not the same for the three groups. There is strong evidence that the mean number of trees is smaller for plots that have been more recently logged. There is strong evidence that the mean number of trees is the same for the three groups.

How does logging in a tropical rain forest affect the forest in later years? Researchers compared forest plots in Borneo that had never been logged (Group 11 ) with similar plots that had been logged one year earlier (Group 22 ), and eight years earlier (Group 33 ). Although the study was not an experiment, the authors explained why we can consider the plots to be randomly selected. The data appear in the table. The variable Trees is the count of trees in a plot; Species is the count of tree species in a plot. The variable Richness is the number of species divided by the number of individual trees. Data from a study of logging in Borneo (Picture Attached) To access the complete data set, click the link for your preferred software format: Excel Minitab JMP SPSS TI R Mac-TXT PC-TXT CSV CrunchIt! It was found that there is strong evidence that logging is related to differences in the mean number of species. It was also found that it would be risky to use ANOVA to analyze richness, since conditions were not met. Use software to analyze to effect of logging on the number of trees. (a) Make a table of the group means and standard deviations for the variable Trees. Do the standard deviations satisfy our rule of thumb for safe use of ANOVA? What do the means suggest about the effect of logging on the number of trees? The ratio of the largest and smallest standard deviation is more than 22 , so the condition is not satisfied. The means suggest that logging reduces the number of trees. The ratio of the largest and smallest standard deviation is less than 22 , so the condition is satisfied. The means suggest that logging increases the number of trees. The ratio of the largest and smallest standard deviation is less than 22 , so the condition is satisfied. The means suggest that logging reduces the number of trees. The ratio of the largest and smallest standard deviation is more than 22 , so the condition is satisfied. The means suggest that logging increases the number of trees. (b) Carry out the ANOVA. Report the ?F statistic and its ?P ‑value. (Enter your answer for ?F rounded to two decimal places. Enter your answer for the ?P ‑value rounded to four decimal places.) ?:F: ?:P: Select the best conclusion. The test results are irrelevant, since the conditions were not met. There is strong evidence that the mean number of trees is not the same for the three groups. There is strong evidence that the mean number of trees is smaller for plots that have been more recently logged. There is strong evidence that the mean number of trees is the same for the three groups.

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Concept explainers

Question

100%

Data from a study of logging in Borneo

(Picture Attached)

To access the complete data set, click the link for your preferred software format:

Excel Minitab JMP SPSS TI R Mac-TXT PC-TXT CSV CrunchIt!

It was found that there is strong evidence that logging is related to differences in the mean number of species. It was also found that it would be risky to use ANOVA to analyze richness, since conditions were not met. Use software to analyze to effect of logging on the number of trees.

(a) Make a table of the group means and standard deviations for the variable Trees.

Do the standard deviations satisfy our rule of thumb for safe use of ANOVA? What do the means suggest about the effect of logging on the number of trees?

The ratio of the largest and smallest standard deviation is more than 22 , so the condition is not satisfied. The means suggest that logging reduces the number of trees.

The ratio of the largest and smallest standard deviation is less than 22 , so the condition is satisfied. The means suggest that logging increases the number of trees.

The ratio of the largest and smallest standard deviation is less than 22 , so the condition is satisfied. The means suggest that logging reduces the number of trees.

The ratio of the largest and smallest standard deviation is more than 22 , so the condition is satisfied. The means suggest that logging increases the number of trees.

(b) Carry out the ANOVA. Report the ?F statistic and its ?P ‑value.

(Enter your answer for ?F rounded to two decimal places. Enter your answer for the ?P ‑value rounded to four decimal places.)

?:F:

?:P:

Select the best conclusion.

The test results are irrelevant, since the conditions were not met.

There is strong evidence that the mean number of trees is not the same for the three groups.

There is strong evidence that the mean number of trees is smaller for plots that have been more recently logged.

There is strong evidence that the mean number of trees is the same for the three groups.

2
12
11
0.91667
22
15
0.68182
2
15
14
0.93333
12
10
0.83333
2
9.
7
0.77778
3
12
12
1.00000
20
18
0.90000
3.
3.

Group
Trees
Species
Richness
Group
Trees
Species
Richness
1
27
22
0.81481
18
15
0.83333
1
22
18
0.81818
2
17
15
0.88235
1
29
22
0.75862
2
14
12
0.85714
1
21
20
0.95238
2
14
13
0.92857
1
19
15
0.78947
2
2
2
1.00000
1
33
21
0.63636
2
17
15
0.88235
1
16
13
0.81250
2
19
8
0.42105
1
20
13
0.65000
3
18
17
0.94444
1
24
19
0.79167
4
4
1.00000
1
27
13
0.48148
22
18
0.81818
1
28
19
0.67857
3
15
14
0.93333
1
19
15
0.78947
18
18
1.00000
2
12
11
0.91667
3
19
15
0.78947
3.
3.
3.

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

Expert Solution

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 3 steps with 4 images

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

$Point Estimation, Limit Theorems, Approximations, and Bounds$

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.