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Description: How do we know that mRNA exists and serves as an intermediate between information encoded in DNA and its concomitant gene product?

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How do we know that mRNA exists and serves as an intermediate between information encoded in DNA and its concomitant gene product?

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter9: Gene Expression And Gene Regulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9QP: What are the three modifications made to pre-mRNA molecules before they become mature mRNAs, are...

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Concept explainers

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.

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What is the "genetic code" and what aspect of post translational modification virtually mandates that "genetic code" applies to mRNA rather than DNA?
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a) What role do transcription factors play in transcription? b) Describe mRNA splicing.
Transcription and translation are separate processes in gene expression; however, they have similarities. The following terms all relate to translation. Which of these has a role that is most similar to that of the transcription start site during transcription? A)Start codon B)Stop codon C)tRNA D)Amino acid
Define, explain, and differentiate between, the processes of transcription and translation. What enzymes or sub-cellular structures are responsible for carrying out these processes?
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A eukaryotic mRNA has 1066 total nucleotides. 50 of these are the 5'UTR and 50 of these are the 3'UTR. How many amino acids are in the protein encoded by this mRNA?Question 9 options: A) 319 B) 320 C) 321 D) 322 E) 323
The template strand (i.e.: the strand that is transcribed into RNA, which is usually represented “at the bottom”) of a segment of double helical DNA contains the sequence (5′) TCCGCTCCATCG (3′). What is the base sequence of the mRNA that can be transcribed from this strand?
What are the three modifications made to pre-mRNA molecules before they become mature mRNAs, are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and become ready to be used in protein synthesis? What is the function of each modification?
Hydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA? Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls. What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene? Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations) Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.
The following double stranded segment of DNA is part of a protein coding gene. The segments in uppercase letters (ACTG) represent the exons. The segments in lowercase letters (acgt) represent introns. The lower strand is the template strand that is used by the RNA polymerase to make an RNA transcript. Draw or write-out a) the sequence of the primary transcript and b) the mature mRNA resulting from this stretch of DNA.
Explain briefly how translation is initiated from a) prokaryotic mRNA and b) eukaryotic mRNA. Include names of any relevant sequences on the mRNA, proteins involved, including ribosomal subunits.