Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
Related questions
Question
how do I find the yield based on the info and please show the calculations

Transcribed Image Text:**Setup:**
- Dissolved 3.35 g of KMnO₄ in 40 mL of water in a 250-mL round-bottomed flask
- 1.20 mL of 2-chlorotoluene was added to the mixture
**Running the reaction:**
- A water-jacketed condenser was attached, and the mixture was refluxed for 90 minutes
- A dark-brown solid formed during this time
- After allowing the mixture to settle, the liquid was light brown
**Product isolation:**
- The hot solution was filtered using a vacuum filtration with a small Büchner funnel
- The pale-yellow filtrate was acidified by adding 3.0 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (pH~2)
- The solids were isolated by vacuum filtration, washed with 5 mL of cold water, and allowed to dry in the drying oven at 100 °C until the next meeting
- The dry product was placed in a 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask and 10 mL of toluene was added; the mixture was brought to a gentle boil which led to a complete dissolution of the solids at higher temperatures
- The solution could cool to room temperature before placing it in an ice bath for 10 minutes
- The crystals were isolated by vacuum filtration and dried before obtaining their melting point and acquiring the IR and the ¹H-NMR spectrum
**Product characterization:**
- 1.15 g of the crude product
- 0.93 g of the final product
- M.p. (final): 139-141 °C
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