Types of Chemical Bonds
The attractive force which has the ability of holding various constituent elements like atoms, ions, molecules, etc. together in different chemical species is termed as a chemical bond. Chemical compounds are dependent on the strength of chemical bonds between its constituents. Stronger the chemical bond, more will be the stability in the chemical compounds. Hence, it can be said that bonding defines the stability of chemical compounds.
Polarizability In Organic Chemistry
Polarizability refers to the ability of an atom/molecule to distort the electron cloud of neighboring species towards itself and the process of distortion of electron cloud is known as polarization.
Coordinate Covalent Bonds
A coordinate covalent bond is also known as a dative bond, which is a type of covalent bond. It is formed between two atoms, where the two electrons required to form the bond come from the same atom resulting in a semi-polar bond. The study of coordinate covalent bond or dative bond is important to know about the special type of bonding that leads to different properties. Since covalent compounds are non-polar whereas coordinate bonds results always in polar compounds due to charge separation.
Using arrows to show the flow of electrons, write a stepwise mechanism for the following reaction
![The image depicts a chemical reaction involving the transformation of an alkyne into a ketone through hydration in the presence of mercury(II) sulfate and sulfuric acid.
**Chemical Reaction:**
1. **Reactant (Left Side):**
- A cyclopentene ring with an alkyne (triple bond) attached.
2. **Reagents:**
- Mercury(II) sulfate (HgSO₄)
- Water (H₂O)
- Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
3. **Product (Right Side):**
- A cyclopentyl methyl ketone, characterized by a ketone group (C=O) attached to a cyclopentane ring.
**Explanation:**
The reaction shown is the hydration of an alkyne in an acidic medium, facilitated by mercury(II) sulfate as a catalyst. The alkyne undergoes an enol-keto tautomerization to form a ketone. This is a typical reaction for the conversion of terminal alkynes into ketones. The oxygen in the ketone group is shown with lone pairs of electrons, indicating its sp² hybridization state.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fc852b285-5a98-4449-bcfe-e85ccc09c2b7%2F1aa65407-d68a-47e4-abfe-8dc98e334232%2Fszrhkso_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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