Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
Please draw the products for each nucleophilic substitution reaction. If there is no product, state why.
![This image represents a chemical reaction equation involving two organic compounds.
1. **Reactants:**
- The first compound is a chlorinated hydrocarbon, consisting of a linear chain with four carbon atoms. Attached to the third carbon is a chlorine (Cl) atom.
- The second compound appears to be a thiol (sulfur-containing) hydrocarbon, comprising a linear chain of three carbon atoms, with a sulfur (S) attached to the third carbon atom.
2. **Plus Sign (+):**
- Indicates that the two compounds are reactants in a chemical reaction.
3. **Arrow (→):**
- Signifies the direction of the reaction, pointing from the reactants towards the products (not shown).
This setup is typical for illustrating a chemical reaction where these compounds may interact to form new products. The specifics of the reaction depend on the conditions and other reactants or catalysts present.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F87573c1f-e99e-41d1-a108-161ab6bfa656%2F60521378-b654-46b9-8755-a5ccd1df0230%2Fshuusmg3_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
![### Chemical Reaction Description
This image illustrates the beginning of a chemical reaction involving the following compounds:
- **Reactants**:
1. **2-Chloropentane**: A chlorinated alkane with the molecular structure consisting of a five-carbon chain with a chlorine (Cl) atom attached to the second carbon.
2. **Ethanol**: An alcohol with the molecular structure C2H5OH, containing two carbon atoms and a hydroxyl (OH) group.
- **Reaction Arrow**: The arrow indicates the direction of the reaction, suggesting that these reactants will combine to form one or more products.
The specific products or reaction conditions are not provided in this image. This type of reaction could depict a substitution or elimination reaction commonly studied in organic chemistry.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F87573c1f-e99e-41d1-a108-161ab6bfa656%2F60521378-b654-46b9-8755-a5ccd1df0230%2Ffswrtjy_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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