The image depicts a chemical reaction involving the formation of an amide. On the left side, there are two separate molecular structures: 1. **Structure 1**: A molecule of acetone, characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) with two methyl groups (CH₃) attached to the central carbon atom. 2. **Structure 2**: A molecule of methylamine, depicted with an amine group (NH₂) bonded to a methyl group (CH₃). Between these structures and the right-side product is a reaction arrow labeled "HCl," indicating that hydrochloric acid is used as a catalyst in this reaction. On the right side: - **Product**: The resulting compound from this reaction is N-methylacetamide. This structure has an amide group, where the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydrogen atom and a methyl group. This indicates that the reaction is a typical amidation process where the acetone reacts with methylamine under the influence of HCl to form N-methylacetamide.
Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
An arrow always depicts from a region of high electron density to low electron density ; that is tail depicts region of high electron density and head depicts region of low electron density.
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