had occurred ailer on lel bhe Week. Offer laiig Offer the lack of reaction. Assume that A, B, and C possible explana- are totally miscible liquids 136 Predict the signs of ΔΗ.AS, and ΔG of the system ollowing processes at 1 atm: (a) ammonia melts for the 60° C, (b) ammonia melts at-77.7°C, and (c) am at monia melts at -100°C. (The normal melting point of ammonia is -77.7°C) 4.37 Crystallization of sodium acetate from a super- saturated solution occurs spontaneously. What can you deduce about the signs of AS and AH? 4.38 A student looked up the Δ-Go,AfHo, and So values for CO2 in Appendix 2. Plugging these values into Equation 4.21, he found that ArG AH at 298 K. What is wrong with his approach? TS° 4.39 A certain reaction is spontaneous at 72°C. If the enthalpy change for the reaction is 19 kJ, what is the mininum value of Δ,S (in joules per kelvin) for the reaction? 4.40 A certain reaction is known to have a ArGo value of-122 kJ. reactants are mixed together? Will the reaction necessarily occur if the Phase Equilibria 4.41 The atures has been determined as follows: e vapor pressure of mercury at various temper
States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
4.36
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