Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
Hi all, could someone explain to me step by step the reasoning behind the answer to this question? We went over it in class but I'm still not understanding why the answer is B. I know it has something to do with the resonance structures, but I'm having trouble understanding what charges go where and what electrons. Can you please help?
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Phenol has structure shown below and pka = 9.95.
H.
Which shows the correct arrow-pushing mechanism for its ionization in water?
II.
IV
Keywords: electron-pushing formalism, electron source, electron sink, proton, Bronsted-Lowry acid, Bronsted-
Lowry base, conjugate acid, conjugate base, ionization, resonance
Concepts: Bronsted-Lowry Definition of Acids and Bases; electron-pushing formalism"
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