Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
Related questions
Question
Making sure to pay attention to stereochemistry, what is the main product for each reaction?
Transcribed Image Text:The image contains three chemical reaction schemes involving various organic transformations.
### Reaction 1:
- **Reactant:** Cyclohexanol (a six-membered cyclohexane ring with an alcohol group).
- **Reagents:** Thionyl chloride (SOCl₂) and a base.
- **Conditions:** The reaction is assumed to follow an SN2 mechanism.
- **Description:** This reaction likely involves the conversion of the alcohol group into a chloride via substitution, facilitated by thionyl chloride and base under SN2 conditions.
### Reaction 2:
- **Reactant:** 4-Chlorobenzoic acid (a benzene ring with one carboxylic acid group and one chlorine atom).
- **Reagents:** Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
- **Solvent and Conditions:** Dimethylformamide (DMF) at 65°C.
- **Description:** This reaction involves the use of NaOH, indicating a possible nucleophilic substitution or deprotonation process on the aromatic compound under elevated temperature in DMF, a polar aprotic solvent.
### Reaction 3:
- **Reactant:** 1,4-Butanediol (a four-carbon chain with two alcohol groups at the ends).
- **Step 1 Reagents:** Tosyl chloride (TsCl) and triethylamine (Et₃N).
- **Step 2 Reagents:** Sodium cyanide (NaCN).
- **Solvent and Conditions:** Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 90°C.
- **Description:** The first step involves converting one alcohol group to a tosylate using TsCl and Et₃N, making it a better leaving group. In the second step, NaCN acts as a nucleophile in DMSO, likely replacing the tosylate group with a cyanide group via nucleophilic substitution.
Each reaction illustrates a distinct method for modifying organic molecules, focusing on substitution mechanisms and the role of various reagents and conditions in facilitating these transformations.
Expert Solution
This question has been solved!
Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.
This is a popular solution!
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 2 images
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305957404
Author:
Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781259911156
Author:
Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305577213
Author:
Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:
9780078021558
Author:
Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781305079373
Author:
William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…
Chemistry
ISBN:
9781118431221
Author:
Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:
WILEY