Gluconeogenesis in humans involves many of theenzymes of glycolysis working in a reversedirection, but utilizes four unique enzymes. (a)Draw these four reactions at pH 7, indicating thereactants and products, and the full name of theenzyme. You are required to draw the structuresof the products and reactants for the first tworeactions in gluconeogenesis and their full namesbut only provide the full names on the remainingtwo reactions. You do not have to draw thestructures of any cofactors just use theirabbreviations.

The Bypass Approach:Gluconeogenesis doesn't simply reverse glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose for…

Answered: Gluconeogenesis in humans involves many…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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When the reaction below reaches equilibrium, does the equilibrium lie on the left or the right side? Briefly explain. ClO– + CH3CO2H ⇌ HClO + CH3CO2– When the terminal phosphate is cleaved from the adenosine triphosphate molecule, the products are adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate, ATP + H2O ––> ADP + Pi, where Pi stands for the various forms of phosphate that exist at the pH of the particular solution. If the total concentration of Pi is 2.5 x 10–2M, what are the concentrations of the predominant forms of phosphate that exist at pH 7.4? Permanganate, MnO4–, can act as an oxidizing agent in both acidic and basic aqueous solutions. Balance each of the following reactions by the half–reaction method, showing all steps in the balancing process. MnO4– + Al ––> MnO2 + Al(OH)4– in aqueous base MnO4– + CH3COOH ––> Mn+2 + CO2 in aqueous acid
5) A certain aerobic organism is able to metabolize the following glycolipid: "CH,OH H OH но OH A. Draw the 2 resulting structures that would occur upon initial hydrolysis of the 0-glycosidic bond. B. Calculate how much ATP is formed upon complete aerobic oxidation of one mole of the compound. Assume that no ATP is produced when one mole of the glycosidic bond in the above compound is hydrolyzed. Show calculation below.
some articifical sweeteners are isomers of natural sugars. Being isomers, the digestive enzymes do not recognize them and can do catabolize them (break them down). Write testable hypothesis regarding the catabolism of natural vs. artificial sweeteners by the model Eukaryotic organism, yeast. H0: HA:
All inhibitors of eicosanoids act by inhibiting the cyclooxygenases * True False
1. Examine the following pair of reactions. What type of enzyme would catalyze each of these reactions? Select the single best answer. C-H H-C-OH HO-C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH H-C-H O -O-P-O O O O O O O enolases isomerases aldolases nucleases mutases kinases CH₂OH C=O HO-C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH H-C-H O -O-P-O ܘܐܘܐܐܐ CH₂OH H-C-H O-P-O O C-H H-C-OH H-C-H O O-P-O
GR Methanol and ethanol bind to the same active site on the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to undergo oxidation, as shown in the equations below. In methanol poisoning, ethanol is given intravenously to prevent the formation of formaldehyde that has toxic effects. In this scenario, what type of inhibitor is ethanol with regard to alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzing the oxidation of methanol? budy CH3-OH + NAD+ HCHO+NADH + H+ CH3-CH2-OH + NAD+ CH3-CHO + NADH + H* O a competitive inhibitor ADH O an irreversible inhibitor ADH O a noncompetitive inhibitor O both a noncompetitive and an irreversible inhibitor O Sea hp
The second step in the catabolism of most amino acids is the removal of the nitrogen atom from glutamate by oxidative deamination. In this reaction, glutamate is converted to an a-keto acid. Modify the structure to show the a-keto acid product. ?- || с I CH₂ I H₂N- & + remaining products enzyme CH₂ I CH₂ + NAD+ + H₂O CH₂ Incorrect Enter the chemical formulas for the remaining products. remaining products: NADH + H+ + NH Identify the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. The enzyme that catalyzes the reaction is glutamate dehydrogenase. OH OH
Show chemical structures for treatment and their mechanism of action for a defective enzyme: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
What is the product of the reaction when α-amylase acts on amylose? (A) amylose molecules (B) monosaccharide molecules (C) different-sized oligosaccharide fragments (D) different-sized polysaccharide fragments
The enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase is part of the pentose pathway for glucose oxidation. What enzyme that is involved in glucose oxidation by the citric acid cycle has a very similar reaction mechanism to 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase? A) isocitrate dehydrogenase B) alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase C) succinate dehydrogenase D) malate dehydrogenase E) pyruvate dehydrogenase (99+ RATI a
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1. Identify the most likely additional substrates, products, and coen- zymes for each reaction in the following imaginary pathway. COO Н—с—NH— сно CoO COO CH, Н—с—NH—сно H-C-NH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 H-C-CH3 H-C-CH3 H-C-NH, H-C-NH3 H-C-NH3 COO COO || C-NH2 || C-NH2 C- NH2 H-C-NH3 H-C-NH3 H-C-NH-CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 H-C-CH3 H-C-CH3 H-C-CH3 H-C- NH3 C=0 C=0 CoO CoO COO -0- O=0- -

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