Gel electrophoresis M FIGURE 10-14 Mixtures of different- size DNA fragments have been separated electrophoretically on an agarose gel. The samples are eight recombinant vectors treated with EcoRI. The mixtures are applied to wells near the top of the gel, and fragments move from the negative to the positive end under the influence of an electrical field to different positions dependent on size. The DNA bands have been visualized by staining with ethidium bromide and photographing under ultraviolet light. (The letter M represents lanes containing standard fragments acting as markers for estimating DNA length.) [Ingram Publishing/Thinkstock Direction of migrafion

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Oogenesis

The formation of the ovum (mature female gamete) from undifferentiated germ cells is called oogenesis. This process takes place in the ovaries (female gonads). Oogenesis consists of three stages known as the multiplication phase, growth phase, and maturation phase. 

Cell Division

Cell division involves the formation of new daughter cells from the parent cells. It is a part of the cell cycle that takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cell division is required for three main reasons: