Frederick Hoffman was a German immigrant who came to the United States and wrote "Race Traits and Tendencies of the American Negro" in 1896. A text that insurance companies and others used to justify the trope of inherent Black criminality. commanded African American troops during the Spanish American War. wrote "The Souls of Black Folks" a sociological study of African American life in the South. O helped write United States immigration laws. O supervised the forced deportations of hundreds of thousand of Mexican Americans during the depression.

Frederick Hoffman was a German immigrant who came to the United States and wrote "Race Traits and Tendencies of the American Negro" in 1896. A text that insurance companies and others used to justify the trope of inherent Black criminality. commanded African American troops during the Spanish American War. wrote "The Souls of Black Folks" a sociological study of African American life in the South. O helped write United States immigration laws. O supervised the forced deportations of hundreds of thousand of Mexican Americans during the depression.