For the CAC, what are the enzymes that produce NADH, FADH2, or GTP, and/or are regulatory enzymes?

Q: Which is true about the regulation of glycogen phosphorylase? Glycogen phosphorylase is regulated…

A: Glycogen phosphorylase is regulated through allosteric control and through phosphorylation. It helps…

Q: Which of the following tumor-promoting (oncogenic) proteins promotes increased uptake of glutamine?…

A: Cellular respiration is the set of metabolic processes by which cells convert organic molecules,…

Q: The intercellular lactate shuttle refers to... Cytosolic lactate being transported into the…

A: Glucose is metabolized through glycolysis to synthesize energy. Pyruvate is the end product of…

Q: The stomach has two types of exocrine cells: the chief cells, which secrete an inactive form of the…

A: Introduction: There are two types of secretory cells in the stomach: chief cells and parietal cells.…

Q: Mutations that prevent Bax and Bak from interacting with the outer mitochondrial membrane would…

A: Bax and Bak are Bcl 2 associated proteins which are heterodimeric in nature .

Q: In the liver, what is the major regulation that dictates fate of pyruvate vs lactate? (This can tie…

A: Pyruvate that is produced as the end product of glycolytic pathway is converted into acetyl CoA…

Q: The enzyme(s) that determines the speed of biosynthesis of major neurotransmitters in some neurons…

A: Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers of nervous system. For example, dopamine,…

Q: The action of glucagon on liver cells leads to inhibition of pyruvate kinase. What is the most…

A: Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas. It works to raise the…

Q: What causes the rotation of the γ subunit of the ATP synthase? Howdoes this rotation promote ATP…

A: ATP synthase  complexes are an essential component of the cell that are responsible for the proton…

Q: suggest glut2 functions to transport glucose out of the intestine into intestinal cells and sglt1…

A: Glucose transporter 2 or GLUT-2 is defined as an effective facilitative transporter located in cells…

Q: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the first step of the pentose phosphate pathway. This…

A: Km of an enzyme is the measure which gives an idea of a substrate's affinity towards its enzyme. It…

Q: Does glycolysis occur within the mitochondria?

A: Glycolysis is a process in which the glucose molecule is converted into two molecules of pyruvic…

Q: Cells maintain different steady state ratios of NAD+/NADH (1000) and NADP+/NADPH (0.01). (a) How do…

A: NAD+ is the oxidized version. NAD+ accepts two electrons and a proton to get reduced to NADH.NAD+ +…

Q: ​​You are a liver cell and have just been given 1 million C25:0 fatty acid molecules (Note: These…

A: As a liver cell, you have the ability to generate net production of glucose through a process called…

Q: If your liver cells contained a mutation in ACC2 that rendered it constitutively inactive, what two…

A: ANS: ACC2 gene stands for acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2. a. This enzyme is encoded by the ACACB gene and…

Q: What would be the effect on ATP and NADH production (how many ATP and NADH could be produced from…

A: Pyruvate is a molecule that is produced during glycolysis, the initial stage of cellular…

Q: What are the functions of NAD (NADH) and FAD(FADH)?

A: The full form of NAD is Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide. The full form of FAD is Flavin Adenine…

Q: In the presence of excess oxygen, a complete oxidation of seven molecules of glucose into carbon…

A: In oxidative phosphorylation oxidation of NADH/FADH2 occurs, transport of electrons through Electron…

Q: What is the function of the ferredoxin-thioredoxin system inphotosynthesis control?

A: The photosynthesis process is divided into light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions…

Q: Diagram four main steps of glucose catabolism. Indicate where intermediate molecules are involved,…

A: The diagram is a linear simplified version of the processes:

Q: What is the effect of cholesterol feeding on the amount of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA?

A: Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in all the cells of our body. Our body uses…

Q: NH4+ is transported indirectly in the body. Why can’t free NH4+ be transported in the blood? How is…

A: NH4+ is the waste product formed from the amino acids on their catabolism. It must be transported…

Q: What is the term for the process whereby the synthesis of ATP is coupled to the conversion of NADH…

A: Cellular respiration is a series of metabolic reactions that occur within cells to convert…

Q: How is the oxidation of NADH coupled to the phosphorylation of ADP?

A: The process of electron transport (ETC) chain involves the transfer of an electron, for the…

Q: Describe the Cori cycle. What is its physiological function?

A: Different pathways are present in the human body which work in their full capacity to meet produce…

Q: As less glucose is available due to a low carb diet what happens to the ability of the TCA cycle to…

A: Glucose is the first molecule that is responsible for the process of cellular respiration. It is…

Q: 37) The autocatalytic activity of trypsin describes the action of  a. trypsin on procarboxypeptidase…

A: We can digest protein with the aid of the enzyme trypsin. Trypsin breaking down proteins in the…

Q: how do low levels of NADH regulate the CAC?

A: CAC, also known as the Krebs cycle act as a central metabolic pathway which generates energy in the…

Q: Pancreatic beta cells secrete the protein hormone insulin in response to various signals. Which of…

A: insulin stored in membrane bound vesicles adjacent to the plasma membrane and get released from…

Q: Provide reasoning to justify the researchers' claim.

A: Tumour is a condition of uncontrolled cell division that gives rise to lumps. Tumour cells typically…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding the stimulation of beige adipocyte development is…

A: Beige adipocytes are also known as brown adipocytes.

Q: In addition to ATP synthase, protons are able to pass through UCP1 channels as well. This results in…

A: The UCP1 protein belongs to the mitochondrial carrier family of transporters. BAT is unique in its…

Q: Does high amount of NADPHs inhibit or promote glycolysis and promote or inhibit the Pentose…

A: Glycolysis is a catabolic process in which glucose gets metabolized into two molecules of pyruvate.…

Q: how does membrane transport maintain glucose level in the cells through the Na+ - K+ pump?

A: Sodium ions are about 14 times more in ecf than in the cytosol similarly the potassium ions are…

Q: How are fatty acids transported into the mitochondria?

A: The enzymes needed for the oxidation of fatty acid in animal cells are found in the mitochondrial…

Q: 1) Trypanosomes living in the bloodstream obtain all their energy from glycolysis. They take up…

A: Trypanosomes are unicellular parasitic protozoa that belong to the genus Trypanosoma. They are…

Q: When rotenone is added to actively respiring mitochondria,the ratio of NADH to NAD+ increases, but…

A: Rotenone is an odorless, crystalline isoflavone used as broad spectrum insecticide, pesticide, and…

Q: permease

A: GLUT is a transport protein found on the plasma membrane of the cells. They are involved in the…

Q: Which step(s) of cellular respiration would be directly inhibited by high concentrations of NADH?…

A: Cellular respiration involves breakdown of complex molecule such as carbohydrate (glucose) and…