For each description of data, identify theW’s, name the variables, specify for each variable whether itsuse indicates that it should be treated as categorical or quantitative, and, for any quantitative variable, identify the units inwhich it was measured (or note that they were not provided) . Streams In performing research for an ecology class, students at a college in upstate New York collect data on localstreams each year. They record a number of biological, chemical, and physical variables, including the streamname, the substrate of the stream (limestone, shale, ormixed), the acidity of the water (pH), the temperature (°C),and the BCI (a numerical measure of biological diversity).

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Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.