Flowering plants have common ancestors with other plants and plant-like organisms. The table below shows the last common ancestor shared between flowering plants and two other types of organisms.   Last common ancestor with flowering plants Cone-producing plants 250 million years ago Green Algae 500 million years ago A scientist compares the amino acid sequences of a protein produced by flowering plants, a cone-producing plant, and green algae. What prediction about these sequences is supported by the data in the table?

Q: Do the data in the graph indicate that the mutation rates per base-pair in some taxa, such as…

A: The mutation occurs when there is a change in the nucleic acid sequence. These mutations could be…

Q: Flowering plants have common ancestors with other plants and plant-like organisms. The table below…

A: With time and evolution , species that are closely related to one another has similar amino acids…

Q: From the results of the experiment , explain how we know that the kiwis are more closely related to…

A: Kiwis, emu, moas, and cassowary are all flightless birds belonging to a diverse group called ratite.…

Q: a) Explain how it can be the case that mutating a Homeobox containing gene has a large impact on the…

A: Homeobox genes are a group of related genes that control the body plan of an embryo along the…

Q: in 2000, the human genome was triumphantly released as a reference genome with approximately 8%…

A: Epigenetics: The study of how cells regulate gene activity without modifying the DNA sequence is…

Q: DNA-DNA hybridization studies in the 1960s demonstrated that common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes),…

A: Note: We’ll answer the first question since the exact one wasn’t specified. Please submit a new…

Q: researcher studying two species (species 1 and species 2) sequences a short stretch of eight codons…

A: Genes are the hereditary structures on DNA responsible for encoding a particular function/ trait.…

Q: Outline the different rates of evolution that are typically seen in different parts of a…

A: There are certain sites within a protein-encoding gene that are conserved more than the other sites.…

Q: Mobile genetic elements, such as the Alu sequences, are found in many copies in human DNA. In what…

A: DNA is the double-stranded molecule that is the genetic material in most animals except for some…

Q: If a sequence from another species showed a 96 percent sequence similarity to humans, would that…

A: Introduction  DNA and RNA are the main genetic material found in all the species irrespective of…

Q: a researcher studying two species (species 1 and species 2) sequences a short stretch of eight…

A: The question includes comparing the sequences of the same gene from two diverse species that had a…

Q: In general, which of the following is expected to exhibit the lowest rate of evolutionarychange?a.…

A: Evolution is a natural process that includes several changes over many generations in the…

Q: Proteins that share significant amino acid similarity are called ______.    ________ are related…

A: Large, intricate molecules called proteins carry out a variety of essential bodily tasks. They are…

Q: Plant seeds contain storage proteins that are encoded by the plant’s genes. When a seed germinates,…

A: Structurally related small hydrophilic proteins are known as plant seed protein. These proteins…

Q: Nucleic acids are isolated and analyzed from different cells in a mammal. How would the DNA sequence…

A: The DNA sequence of a skin cell would be similar to that of a nerve cell. Since, both of them are…

Q: What is the difference between orthologs and paralogs? a. Orthologs are homologous sequences;…

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: platypus is one of a very small number of mammals that are venomous. Researchers compared the…

A: Most important part in this paragraph is that the two proteins are almost similar in function and…

Q: (a) Why can there be multiple codons for an amino acid? Why would this have evolved? (b) What is…

A: The genetic code comprises the set of rules that tells how the four nucleotide bases in the DNA are…

Q: Genome duplication in the animal lineage leading to chordates has produced the largest genome sizes…

A: Gene duplication is a mechanism for acquiring new genes in order to create genetic novelty in…

Q: The table below shows short DNA sequences from a gene in a closely related group of dragons, as well…

A: We have a group of seven closely related dragon species with homologous gene sequences. These are…

Q: The genetics research lab has sequenced a genomic region with 1000000 basepair of an unknown…

A: The effective population size (Ne) of a species is the number of individuals in an idealized…

Q: Species A has 2 amino acids. minimum codon length: Species B has 7 amino acids. minimum codon…

A: Introduction :- The biggest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the right sexes or…

Q: A given organism has a gene A that produces a protein, cellular albumen, which traps water within…

A: Genes are the hereditary material made up of DNA, found at a specific location on a chromosome.

Q: An analysis of the human genome revealed that some regions of DNA that are highly conserved across…

A: Evolution has made every species become fit and has provided the species with reproductive fitness ,…

Q: Most variation between individual humans is in the form of _________________

A: About 90% of human genome comes in the form of SNP

Q: In bacteria, split genes are extremely rare. Have introns been inserted into genes in the evolution…

A: In eukaryotes the template strand of DNA gets transcribed into pre-mRNA by the process known as…

Q: All of the species investigated in the first two questions are land plants, and so they share a…

A: House keeping genes are defiens as the genes that are constitutively expressed across different…

Q: An important goal of molecular botanists is to insert the genes for nitrogen fixation into crop…

A: Nitrogen fixation is a process that some bacteria carry out that "fixes" N2 into NH3 or NO3, in…

Q: Just as anatomical homology can lead to vestigial structuressuch as human wisdom teeth and the wings…

A: Darwin is one of the scientist that proposed the process that every new species is coming from…

Q: Arabidopsis Mammal S.c. S. p. RabF1 RabF1, ARA6, associated with putative endosomal compartments.…

A: Rab proteins are responsible for intracellular trafficking of various substances between different…

Q: Advances in biotechnology have revolutionized the study of ancient remains. In Ötzi's case, a…

A: Biotechnology is a broad category of current technologies that employ vital organs, cells, or parts…

Q: The Miller-Urey experiment is significant because it produced evidence that

A: Answer: Miller-Urey experiment : It is the experiment which suggests that organic molecules needed…

Q: Write and detail a complete all encompassing definition of a gene. Consider the morphology,…

A: In biology, a gene is the basic physical and functional of heredity, that is made up of DNA. Gene…

Q: Chimpanzees and gorillas are genetically similar, sharing more than 98 percent of their DNA. While…

A: Comparative anatomy is the study of the "similarities and dissimilarities" between various objects.…

Q: When comparing evolutionary similarities between different genes within a gene family, it is usually…

A: As we know DNA is the basic Hereditary molecule and encodes the genes that have all information.…

Q: (I) Ordinary fish (II) Icefish 3 2 a-Globin gene 3 a-Globin gene fragment (pseudogene) 1 2 3 4 5…

A: Sequence alignment refers to the joining of two sequences based on the similarity of some portions…

Q: Based on the information above, what can you speculate about the possible evolution of the genes…

A: Rab proteins are small GTP-binding proteins within a superfamily of GTPases known as the Ras…

Q: Carl Woese discovered that genes encoded for rRNAs are good candidates for phylogenetic analysis.…

A: rRNA It is ribosomal RNA. It is a molecule found in cells that is part of the ribosome, a…

Q: Mammals 10-8 Plants -Invertebrates Bacteria 10-9 Unicellular eukaryotes 10-10 `Archaean 107 108 109…

A: As we have saw in the given graph that bacteria and plants tend to have the much more mutation rate…

Q: When comparing evolutionary similarities between different genes within a gene family, it is usually…

A: A gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein. Proteins are the building blocks of…

Q: The words “transcribe” and “translate” are more commonly associated with language and dialogue. For…

A: Molecular biology is the biology that deals with structure and function of macro molecules such as…

Q: Why are bananas, seedless watermelons, and potatoes genomes so unusual? 

A: Seedless fruits are those fruits that don't have seeds. These fruits are easy to handle.and hence…

Q: In mammals, more than one chiasma per chromosome arm is an indication that crossing-over has…

A: “Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Evolutionary lineages

An evolutionary lineage is a series of populations of organisms that descend from a common ancestor. Each species in the lineage is the direct consequence of evolutionary change from a common ancestor. A phylogenetic tree is generally used to display lineages visually. Lineages are components of the phylogenetic tree of life. Molecular systematics procedures are widely used to predict lineages.