(Fiscal Multipliers) Explain the difference between the government purchases multiplier and the net tax multiplier. If the MPC falls, what happens to the tax multiplier?
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- (Fiscal Multipliers) Explain the difference between the government purchases multiplier and the net tax multiplier. If the MPC falls, what happens to the tax multiplier?
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- Only typed answer6. Graphical treatment of taxes and fiscal policy The main difference between variable taxes and fixed taxes is that unlike fixed taxes, variable taxes The following graph shows the consumption schedule for an economy with a given level of taxes. Suppose the government implements a tax increase through a fixed tax. Use two green points (triangle symbol) to connect the two black points (plus symbols) representing the consumption schedule after the change in taxes. Hint: The new consumption schedule must pass through one point on the left and one point on the right. REAL CONSUMER SPENDING (Billions of dollars) 8 40 30 8 0 + + + O + ++ 20 40 60 REAL GDP (Billions of dollars) 80 + O + 100 Consumption with Tax Increase through a Fixed Tax Consumption with Tax Increase through a Variable Tax The blue line on the next graph represents the original total expenditure line for this economy before the change in tax structure. Use the new consumption line you just plotted to calculate the new…10. Agreements and disagreements among economists regarding fiscalpolicy Consider a hypothetical economy in which households spend $0.75 of each additional dollar of their after-tax income. The expenditure multiplier for this economy is Suppose that this economy is experiencing a recession. The government would like to stimulate aggregate demand and is deciding whether it should increase its spending by $1 billion or reduce income tax by $1 billion. Assume other things remain constant, and the marginal propensity to consume remains at 0.75. Before any multiplier effect takes place, a $1 billion increase in government spending will increase the aggregate demand by s $1 billion reduction in income tax will increase the aggregate demand by billion, while a billion. Now consider the effect of each fiscal policy after the multiplier effect is complete. A $1 billion increase in government spending will result in a total increase of aggregate demand by $ billion, whereas a $1 billion…
- 5. Fiscal policy, the money market, and aggregate demand Suppose there is some hypothetical economy in which households spend $0.50 of each additional dollar they earn and save the $0.50 they have left over. The following graph plots the economy's initial aggregate demand curve (AD)). Suppose now that the government increases its purchases by $2 billion. Use the green line (triangle symbol) on the following graph to show the aggregate demand curve (AD) after the multiplier effect takes place. Hint: Be sure the new aggregate demand curve (AD;) is parallel to AD,. You can see the slope of AD, by selecting it on the following graph ? PRICE LEVEL 118 114 112 110 100 100 104 102 100 Me, 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 AD₂ AD₂5. Fiscal policy, the money market, and aggregate demand Suppose there is some hypothetical economy in which households spend $0.50 of each additional dollar they earn and save the $0.50 they have left over. The following graph plots the economy's initial aggregate demand curve (AD). Suppose now that the government increases its purchases by $5 billion. Use the green line (triangle symbol) on the following graph to show the aggregate demand curve (AD) after the multiplier effect takes place Hint: Be sure the new aggregate demand curve (AD) is parallel to AD, You can see the slope of AD, by selecting it on the following graph. ? 114 112 15.0 110 104 12.5 75 10.0 102 100 2.5 100 105 The following graph plots equilibrium in the money market at an interest rate of 7.5% and a quantity of money equal to $45 billion. 115 110 120 125 130 135 OUTPUT (lions of dollars) Show the impact of the increase in government purchases on the interest rate by shifting one or both of the curves on the…5. Fiscal policy, the money market, and aggregate demand Suppose there is some hypothetical economy in which households spend $0.50 of each additional dollar they earn and save the $0.50 they have left over. The following graph plots the economy's initial aggregate demand curve (AD₂). Suppose now that the government increases its purchases by $2.5 billion. Use the green line (triangle symbol) on the following graph to show the aggregate demand curve (AD₂) after the multiplier effect takes place. Hint: Be sure the new aggregate demand curve (AD₂) is parallel to AD₁. You can see the slope of AD, by selecting it on the following graph. ? 116 114 112 110 108 106 104 102 100 5 AD₁ 100 0 0 102 104 106 108 110 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) 112 5 known as the The following graph plots equilibrium in the money market at an interest rate of 3% and a quantity of money equal to $15 billion. Money Supply 114 Show the impact of the Increase in government purchases on the Interest rate by shifting one…
- 4 HOMEY set of any of yes to $30 -0- -o- My ly Suppose that for every increase in the sterest rate ens peresage the end of westmant spending decies by 565 bon Based on the anes the level of investments to b Suppose that for every increase in the interest rate of one percentage point, the level of investment spending declines by $0.5 billion. Based on the changes made to the money market in the previous scenario, the new interest rate causes the level of investment spending to by Taking the multiplier effect into account, the change in investment spending will cause the quantity of output demanded to known as the by at every price level. The impact of an increase in government purchases on the interest rate and the level of investment spending is effect. Use the purple line (diamond symbol) on the graph at the beginning of this problem to show the aggregate demand curve (ADS) after accounting for the impact of the increase in government purchases on the interest rate and the level of…3selecting it on the graph. PRICE LEVEL 140 135 130 6 120 115 110 106 100 AD₁ 1 5 OUTPUT (Trillions of dollars) 7 AD₂ @
- 4. The multiplier effect of a change in government purchases Suppose there is some hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.75 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.25. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is Suppose the government in this economy decides to decrease government purchases by $250 billion. The decrease in government spending will lead to a decrease in income, creating an initial change in consumption equal to . This decreases income yet again, leading to a second change in consumption equal to . The total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending is The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD₁) for this economy before the change in government spending. Use the green line (triangle symbol) to plot the new aggregate demand curve (AD₂) after the multiplier effect takes place. For simplicity, assume that there is no "crowding out." Hint: Be sure that the new aggregate…4. The multiplier effect of a change in government purchases Consider a hypothetical closed economy in which households spend $0.60 of each additional dollar they earn and save the remaining $0.40. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for this economy is and the spending multiplier for this economy is Suppose the government in this economy decides to increase government purchases by $400 billion. The increase In government purchases will lead to an increase in income, generating an initial change in consumption equal to This increases income yet again, causing a second change in consumption equal to . The total change in demand resulting from the initial change in government spending Is The following graph shows the aggregate demand curve (AD¡) for this economy before the change in government spending. Use the green line (triangle symbol) to plot the new aggregate demand curve (AD2) after the multiplier effect takes place. For simplicity, assume that there is no "crowding out."…explanation. Be sure to exp Assume the United States has been in another recession for the past 10 months. Unemployment is 10% and GDP has dropped $1.9 trillion from its previous peak of $ 20.8 trillion. The housing and heavy equipment industries have been hit the hardest. Inflation has been near the 2% target but has started to dip below. Also, the countries average MPC is 60. Determine the best fiscal policy/strategy to help the economy recover and explain why it is the best choice. Be sure to reference Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply and explain your specific tools in your answers. Calculations Explanation Graph (More space for the explanation on the back)
