Figure 6 (a) shows the circuit diagram for a differential amplifier. You may assume that M and M2 have identical parameters. Referring to Figure 6 (a): (a) What kind of amplifier is it? What is its role in a three-stage op amp? Draw the small signal equivalent circuit and derive the differential voltage gain Adiff. For the analysis consider RD1 = RD2 RD, gml gm2 = gm, and rol = ro2 = r >Rp. State any assumption. (b) What is the new Adiff in the circuit of Figure 6 (b), where a PMOS current source has replaced the two drain resistors RpI = RD2 = RD and a NMOS current sink has replaced the source resistor Rs? (c) What are the advantages in using the circuit of Figure 6 (b) instead of Figure 6 (a) to realize an op amp? (d)

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Operational Amplifier

An operational amplifier also called op amp is an integrated circuit or analog circuit that takes input as a differential voltage and produces output as a single-ended voltage. It is an IC that can amplify weak electric signals.An op amp has one output pin and two input pins. The basic role of an opamp is to amplify the voltage difference between the two input voltages. It is also used in filtering or to perform mathematical operations or in signal conditioning.