Explain why we can say that M-phase of the cell-cycle is triggered by a positive feedback loop. a) What would the consequences be if cohesins were working normally but condensins were not? and b) what stage of the cell cycle would this cause problems in? Why is it important for the centrosome to duplicate during G1-G2 (interphase) before M phase? The kinetochores serve as a link between the sister chromatids and the microtubules attached to the mitotic spindle. a) How are microtubules still able to exhibit dynamic instability after they are bound to the sister chromatids and b) why is this important to mitosis? As the name suggests, the Anaphase-promoting-complex (APC), promotes the 4th phase of mitosis by separating the sister chromatids so they can travel to separate poles of the cell, and prevents them from being re-zipped together. Describe how APC does these two things (Hint: one involves M-cyclin and the other involves separase) Palbociclib a cell cycle inhibitor. A cervical cancer cell line, Hela cells (For more on a very interesting/sad history, read “The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks” by Rebecca Skloot), was treated with Palbociclibfor 30hr. Cells were sampled before and after treatment and went through flow cytometry, from which their DNA content was measured, shown in the plot below. Which phase of cell cycle is possibly blocked by Palbociclib? Briefly explain your answer. In the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, Bak or Bax activation occurs through DNA damage or prolonged blockage at the spindle checkpoint. a) Explain the effects on the intrinsic apoptosis pathway of a mutation preventing Bak or Bax activation. b) Would apoptosis still occur in a cell with a loss-of-function Bak or Bax mutation where cytochrome c was experimentally injected into the cytosol? Explain how the death-inducing-signaling-complex (DISC), important in the extrinsic apoptosis pathway, is formed and how it activates its executioner capsases.

Feedback loops work to regulate the sequence of events by giving feedbacks. That is in case some…

Answered: Explain why we can say that M-phase of…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Explain why we can say that M-phase of the cell-cycle is triggered by a positive feedback loop.

a) What would the consequences be if cohesins were working normally but condensins were not? and b) what stage of the cell cycle would this cause problems in?

Why is it important for the centrosome to duplicate during G1-G2 (interphase) before M phase?

The kinetochores serve as a link between the sister chromatids and the microtubules attached to the mitotic spindle. a) How are microtubules still able to exhibit dynamic instability after they are bound to the sister chromatids and b) why is this important to mitosis?

As the name suggests, the Anaphase-promoting-complex (APC), promotes the 4th phase of mitosis by separating the sister chromatids so they can travel to separate poles of the cell, and prevents them from being re-zipped together. Describe how APC does these two things (Hint: one involves M-cyclin and the other involves separase)

Palbociclib a cell cycle inhibitor. A cervical cancer cell line, Hela cells (For more on a very interesting/sad history, read “The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks” by Rebecca Skloot), was treated with Palbociclibfor 30hr. Cells were sampled before and after treatment and went through flow cytometry, from which their DNA content was measured, shown in the plot below. Which phase of cell cycle is possibly blocked by Palbociclib? Briefly explain your answer.

In the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, Bak or Bax activation occurs through DNA damage or prolonged blockage at the spindle checkpoint. a) Explain the effects on the intrinsic apoptosis pathway of a mutation preventing Bak or Bax activation. b) Would apoptosis still occur in a cell with a loss-of-function Bak or Bax mutation where cytochrome c was experimentally injected into the cytosol?

Explain how the death-inducing-signaling-complex (DISC), important in the extrinsic apoptosis pathway, is formed and how it activates its executioner capsases.

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